Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... components of REM sleep (9). A reciprocal interaction hypothesis (9) claims that these cholinergic nuclei become disinhibited during the entry into REM sleep by the removal of tonic inhibition from noradrenergic and serotonergic nuclei as these monoaminergic nuclei slow or become silent in the trans ...
... components of REM sleep (9). A reciprocal interaction hypothesis (9) claims that these cholinergic nuclei become disinhibited during the entry into REM sleep by the removal of tonic inhibition from noradrenergic and serotonergic nuclei as these monoaminergic nuclei slow or become silent in the trans ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... Raphe—Locus ceruleus—Basal forebrain—Acetylcholine—Norepi-nephrine. ...
... Raphe—Locus ceruleus—Basal forebrain—Acetylcholine—Norepi-nephrine. ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential surgical treatment (18 patients, 129 regions recorded and hundreds of units, see Methods). The dataset includes brain recordings at different scales (scalp EEG, depth EEG, LFP and single-unit recordings), which gives us the possib ...
... pharmacological treatment and implanted with electrodes for potential surgical treatment (18 patients, 129 regions recorded and hundreds of units, see Methods). The dataset includes brain recordings at different scales (scalp EEG, depth EEG, LFP and single-unit recordings), which gives us the possib ...
The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical
... found that applications for 5 min of kainic acid and for 15 or 90 min of gabazine and bicuculline with a current intensity of 100 nA induced a sustained PS-like state while 50 nA applications did not reliably induced such effect. Applications of kainic acid, bicuculline or gabazine with 200 nA curr ...
... found that applications for 5 min of kainic acid and for 15 or 90 min of gabazine and bicuculline with a current intensity of 100 nA induced a sustained PS-like state while 50 nA applications did not reliably induced such effect. Applications of kainic acid, bicuculline or gabazine with 200 nA curr ...
battisti_nnconvulsions_en - ORBi
... Myoclonic seizures carry the worst prognosis in terms of neuro-developmental outcome and seizure recurrence. Focal clonic seizures have the best prognosis. Seizures due to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and late onset hypocalcemia carry a good prognosis for long term neurodevelopmental outcome while se ...
... Myoclonic seizures carry the worst prognosis in terms of neuro-developmental outcome and seizure recurrence. Focal clonic seizures have the best prognosis. Seizures due to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and late onset hypocalcemia carry a good prognosis for long term neurodevelopmental outcome while se ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... to 15 Hz, P = 0.48) or ERK1 (d, P = 0.80; s, P = 0.56) or ERK2 phosphorylation (d, P = 0.91; s, P = 0.68). The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippo ...
... to 15 Hz, P = 0.48) or ERK1 (d, P = 0.80; s, P = 0.56) or ERK2 phosphorylation (d, P = 0.91; s, P = 0.68). The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippo ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were administered at the slightest changes toward activated EEG patterns. The ca ...
... Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were administered at the slightest changes toward activated EEG patterns. The ca ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... Humans can only survive for a few minutes in the absence of oxygen (O2) and the brain’s susceptibility to hypoxia depicts the key factor determining this critical dependency (1). Cerebral oxygenation is reduced at rest in hypoxia and neuronal damage can occur in the face of a prolonged mismatch betw ...
... Humans can only survive for a few minutes in the absence of oxygen (O2) and the brain’s susceptibility to hypoxia depicts the key factor determining this critical dependency (1). Cerebral oxygenation is reduced at rest in hypoxia and neuronal damage can occur in the face of a prolonged mismatch betw ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... 1.1 Definition of a sleep spindle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Clinical importance of sleep spindles . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Sleep stages and sleep spindles . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 1.1 Definition of a sleep spindle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Clinical importance of sleep spindles . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Sleep stages and sleep spindles . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
SLEEP
... Beta waves, irregular, low amplitude, at 13-30 Hz seen during alert wakefulness and REM sleep Theta activity (3.5-7.5 Hz) in stage 1 sleep (transiting from awake to sleep) Delta waves – high amplitude, low frequency (<3.5 Hz) pattern seen in stage 3 and 4 sleep Sleep spindles – short burst of 12-14 ...
... Beta waves, irregular, low amplitude, at 13-30 Hz seen during alert wakefulness and REM sleep Theta activity (3.5-7.5 Hz) in stage 1 sleep (transiting from awake to sleep) Delta waves – high amplitude, low frequency (<3.5 Hz) pattern seen in stage 3 and 4 sleep Sleep spindles – short burst of 12-14 ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... indicated later, this simplicity holds only when the data are averaged over many subjects, but it does give an overall view of the cycle structure and provides an essential reference framework for research at cellular level. While the hypnogram provides a convenient means to visualise sleep structur ...
... indicated later, this simplicity holds only when the data are averaged over many subjects, but it does give an overall view of the cycle structure and provides an essential reference framework for research at cellular level. While the hypnogram provides a convenient means to visualise sleep structur ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... of arousal-related neurotransmitters) lead cortical and thalamic neurons to enter in a “bistable” state. In this condition, a spontaneous or induced opening of leakage K+ channels triggers a series of membrane currents that produce the slow oscillation. The slow oscillation is characterized by a hyp ...
... of arousal-related neurotransmitters) lead cortical and thalamic neurons to enter in a “bistable” state. In this condition, a spontaneous or induced opening of leakage K+ channels triggers a series of membrane currents that produce the slow oscillation. The slow oscillation is characterized by a hyp ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... Item Pool was used. The International Personality Item Pool is the result of an international effort to develop and continually refine a set of personality inventories, whose items are in the public domain, and whose scales can be used for both scientific and commercial purposes. The International P ...
... Item Pool was used. The International Personality Item Pool is the result of an international effort to develop and continually refine a set of personality inventories, whose items are in the public domain, and whose scales can be used for both scientific and commercial purposes. The International P ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... degree of resemblance and phase sign as well as the time-lags separating the waves. The autocorrelation function indicates the main period of the oscillation (at the abscissa of the first secondary peak) and the strength of the oscillation (as a function of the number of secondary peaks visible in t ...
... degree of resemblance and phase sign as well as the time-lags separating the waves. The autocorrelation function indicates the main period of the oscillation (at the abscissa of the first secondary peak) and the strength of the oscillation (as a function of the number of secondary peaks visible in t ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... scalp EEG recordings from premature neonates. One should question whether cortical activity in premature neonates is the same as in the fetus. Certainly, the extra-uterine environment is very different, and the function of many systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive) undergo significant ...
... scalp EEG recordings from premature neonates. One should question whether cortical activity in premature neonates is the same as in the fetus. Certainly, the extra-uterine environment is very different, and the function of many systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive) undergo significant ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... measurements in time–space and the analysis of coherence functions. Therefore, the role of time–space and coherence also gained considerable importance for the development of new concepts from the study of brain oscillations (Gray and Singer, 1989; Freeman, 1975). Further to the work of Mountcastle ...
... measurements in time–space and the analysis of coherence functions. Therefore, the role of time–space and coherence also gained considerable importance for the development of new concepts from the study of brain oscillations (Gray and Singer, 1989; Freeman, 1975). Further to the work of Mountcastle ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... EEG was recorded via a steel screw juxtaposed to the dura mater above the ipsilateral or contralateral frontal cortex (2.7 mm anterior to bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson, 1986) and referenced against an indifferent electrode placed adjacent to t ...
... EEG was recorded via a steel screw juxtaposed to the dura mater above the ipsilateral or contralateral frontal cortex (2.7 mm anterior to bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson, 1986) and referenced against an indifferent electrode placed adjacent to t ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... does not correspond to and is usually larger than the epileptogenic/seizure onset zone, (ii) interictal discharges show no coherent relationship with seizure discharges, in terms of location and activation patterns, (iii) the rate of interictal discharges can either increase or decrease just ahead o ...
... does not correspond to and is usually larger than the epileptogenic/seizure onset zone, (ii) interictal discharges show no coherent relationship with seizure discharges, in terms of location and activation patterns, (iii) the rate of interictal discharges can either increase or decrease just ahead o ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... The fact that REM sleep occurs at regular 90-minute intervals suggests that a brain mechanism alternately causes REM and slow-wave sleep The cyclic nature of REM sleep appears to be controlled by a “clock” in the brain that also controls an activity cycle that continues through ...
... The fact that REM sleep occurs at regular 90-minute intervals suggests that a brain mechanism alternately causes REM and slow-wave sleep The cyclic nature of REM sleep appears to be controlled by a “clock” in the brain that also controls an activity cycle that continues through ...
Slide 1
... *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conveying sensory information), and interneurons (which convey information betw ...
... *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conveying sensory information), and interneurons (which convey information betw ...
James Robertson
... Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the level of ...
... Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the level of ...
EEG & Sleep
... • It is record of variations in brain potential • It is record of electrical activity of brain/neurons in different phases e.g. during sleep, wakefulness and epilepsy. ...
... • It is record of variations in brain potential • It is record of electrical activity of brain/neurons in different phases e.g. during sleep, wakefulness and epilepsy. ...
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is typically a non-invasive (however invasive electrodes are often used in specific applications) method to record electrical activity of the brain along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications generally focus on the spectral content of EEG, that is, the type of neural oscillations that can be observed in EEG signals.EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes abnormalities in EEG readings. It is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of high-resolution anatomical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis, especially when millisecond-range temporal resolution (not possible with CT or MRI) is required.Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials (ERPs) refer to averaged EEG responses that are time-locked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research.