Download The Human Organism: Introduction to Human Body - Nicole

The Human Organism:
Introduction to Human Body Systems
TPJ 3M
Nicole Klement
Human Organ Systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
8. Reproductive
9. Nervous
10. Endocrine
11. Integumentary
7.
The Human Nervous System
Nervous system:
the control system that enables
animals to detect a stimulus and
coordinate a response.
Human Nervous System
Nervous System has 2 parts:
1.Central Nervous System
2.Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic
 Autonomic
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Diagram of the Human Brain
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Corpus
callosum
Cerebellum
What does the brain do?
Take a moment on your computer
to research one part of the brain
and the role it plays in controlling
your body or thought processes.
Parts of the Nervous system
Terminology related to Neurons:
 A nerve cell or neuron: a specialized cell that uses
electrical signals to communicate with other cells.
 Impulse: an electrical signal that travels through
neurons
 Nerve: a bundle of neurons
 Dendrites: carry impulses to the cell body
 Axon: carry impulses away towards other cells
 Myelin sheath: fatty white covering on the axon that
speeds up the impulse
 Axon terminals: the ends of the axons which come
close to the dendrites of other neurons.
 Synapse: the space between the axon terminal and
the dendrite of a neighbouring neuron
Diagram of a Human Neuron
Dendrite
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Node of Ranvier
Axon
terminals
Types of Neurons
Animals with a brain have three different types of
neurons:
1. sensory neurons: carry impulses from
receptors in the eye (sight), ear (hearing), tongue
(taste) and skin (pressure and heat) to the spinal
cord and brain
2. motor neurons: carry impulses from the brain
to muscles for movement or a gland for hormone
secretion.
3. interneurons: link the sensory and motor
neurons directly, producing reflexes
Reflex arc
Reflex arc: when sensory neurons synapse with interneurons in
the brain or spinal cord, sending the impulse directly back to
the motor neurons, producing a reflex.

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reflex arcs produce very fast responses to stimuli
reflex actions are predictable, automatic, and unlearned.
Ex1) smelling the aroma of pizza: sensory neurons send an
impulse to the brain, which synapse directly to interneurons,
which sends the impulse directly to salivary glands beneath
the tongue.
Ex2) palmar reflex – if you touch a newborn baby’s hand, the
hand will automatically grasp in response
Ex3)rooting reflex – if you touch a newborn baby’s cheek, the
baby will turn its head towards the touch
Your reflexes
Student Activity
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Knee jerk reflex
Triceps reflex
Eye reflex
Sensing of the skin with toothpicks
Hand closing reflex – how fast are
you?
Brain Technology
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TED talk