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CHAPTER 3 STUDY GUIDE
Name: ________________________________
* Be sure to abide by the guidelines outlined on the Chapter 1 Study Guide.
Neurons: Identify and locate the fundamental components and functions that form the biological bases of
communication and behavior within the nervous system, including:
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Neurons (basic function, soma, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons)
Synapse
Glia cells
Resting potential
Action potential
Refractory period
All-or-nothing law
Neurotransmitters
Postsynaptic potentials (types)
Reuptake
Neurotransmitters and Behavior: Understand the relevant characteristics of each of the following:
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Acetylcholine
Agonists
Antagonists
Monoamines → dopamine
Monoamines →serotonin
Monoamines → norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
Endorphins
Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior
Nervous System: know the location and function of each of the following:
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Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Central nervous system
The Brain: know the locations and especially the functions of each of the following:
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The hindbrain (medulla, pons, cerebellum)
The midbrain (the reticular formation)
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The forebrain (thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system (see below))
The limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala)
The cerebrum, cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum
The occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)
The parietal lobe (primary somatosensory cortex)
The temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)
The frontal lobe (primary motor cortex, mirror neurons, prefrontal cortex)
Understand the process of brain plasticity, especially as regards traumatic brain injury
Brain Lateralization: know the general characteristics of, relevant studies and research, and key figures related
to cerebral laterality, including:
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Paul Broca (Broca’s area/aphasia)
Carl Wernicke (Wernicke’s area/aphasia)
Roger Sperry
Michael Gazzaniga
Split-brain surgery (visual routing, hemispheric motor control, key findings)
Hemispheric specialization
Methods of Brain Research: Understand the basic technique and capabilities for each of the following:
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Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)
CT scan
PET scan
MRI scan
fMRI scan
* We will cover the following in more detail before the semester final.
Heredity, Environment, and Evolution: identify how each of the following plays a role in shaping behavior
and/or describe the general relationship between the term/phrase/person and understanding behavior
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Dominant genes/recessive genes
Genotypes/phenotypes
Polygenic traits
Family studies
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Charles Darwin and natural selection
Adaptation
Evolution and behavior (predator avoidance, reproductive success)