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Download Unit 5: Study Guide Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience)
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Unit 5: Study Guide Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience) Students need to understand the relationship between biology and behavior. We explore the range of techniques scientists have used to learn about brain function, from procedures such as ablation, direct stimulation, EEG, CAT scans, PET scans, MRI, and fMRI. We also emphasize the brain’s role in the body’s nervous system, examining the anatomical and functional relationships of the central, somatic, and autonomic nervous systems. We will look at the structure and function of the neuron in electrochemical transmission of impulses. In addition, we look at the relationship of the nervous system to the endocrine system as well as examining hereditary influences on behavior. CR3: The course provides instruction in biological basis of behavior CR15: As relevant to each content area, the course provides instruction in empiricallysupported psychological facts, research findings, terminology, associated phenomena, major figures, perspectives, and psychological experiments Text: Student Resources: Chapter 2 (pp. 53 – 91) Flashcards from text www.worthpublishers.com/myers8e The Brain from Top to Bottom (web page) http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_01/i_01_cr/i_01_cr_ana/i_01_cr_ana.html Timeline: One Brain or Two?, Forty Studies, pp. 1 – 10 5 days An emphasis on The relationship of biology and behavior. Techniques used to learn about brain function: Ablation – Direct Stimulation – EEG - CAT scans - PET scans – MRI – fMRI Examine the role of the Neuron in electrochemical transmission of impulses The relationship of the Nervous System and Endocrine System Hereditary influences on behavior through Behavioral Genetics of human traits (8 – 10 % of multiple choice) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Myers’ Psychology Text Reading Guide Questions Unit 5: Neuroscience, Sensation, and Perception Pages 53 – 67 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is meant by a neuron’s action potential? Differentiate sensory, motor, and interneurons. What are the primary parts of the neuron? Contrast agonist from atagonist. What is role of the endocrine system? Pages 67 – 80 1. Identify the parts of the old brain and new brain. 2. What is the purpose of EEG, PET scans, and MRIs? 3. What is the significance of the cortex areas? Unit 5: Biological Bases of Behavior (Neuroscience) Key Terms Phrenology Cell Body Motor Neurons Sensory Neurons Synapse Myelin Sheath Refractory Action Potential Serotonin Endorphins Antagonist Agonist Gray Matter White Matter Afferent Neurons Efferent Neurons Reflexes Hormones Thalamus Hypothalamus Pancreas Adrenal Gland Ovary Testes Pons Medulla Parathyroid Cerebellum Aphasia Plasticity Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Association Areas Broca’s Area Electroencephalogram (EEG) PET – (Positron Emission Tomography) Soma Neuron Axon Dendrites Threshold All or None Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach) Dopamine Amino Acids Excitatory Inhibitory Reticular Matter Peripheral Nervous System Interneurons Somatic Nervous System Pineal Glands Autonomic Nervous System Pituitary Gland Sympathetic Nervous System Thyroid Gland Endocrine System Glial Cells Parasympathetic Nerv. Sys. Corpus Callosum Central Nervous System Limbic System Cerebral Cortex Reticular Formation Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe Wernicke’s Area CT- (Computed Tomography) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Key People Roger Sperry ___ Carl Wernicke* ___ Michael Gazzaniga* ___ Phineas Gage * ___ Paul Broca* ___ James Olds and Peter Miner ___ A. Speech in the left hemisphere named after me? Gosh. B. Some said I should change my personality, but a pole through my head? Ouch! C. Reward Centers in our brains? Cool because I’m just a rat. D. You can comprehend me because of your left temporal lobe (named after me) E. Cut my corpus callosum and I’ll have two separate minds F. Show a picture to my right hemisphere and my left hand will draw a picture of it Learning Outcomes (from the Myers text – Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior) 1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology, and describe the ill-fated phrenology theory. 2. Explain how viewing each person as a biopsychosocial system helps us understand human behavior, and discuss by researchers study other animals in search of clues to human neural processes. 3. Describe the parts of a neuron, and explain how its impulses are generated. 4. Describe how nerve cells communicate. 5. Explain how neurotransmitters affect behavior, and outline the effects of acetylcholine and the endorphins. 6. Explain how drugs other chemicals affect neurotransmission, and describe the contrasting effects of agonists and antagonists. 7. Describe the nervous system’s two major divisions, and identify the three types of neurons that transmit information through the system. 8. Identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions. 9. Contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks. 10. Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system. 11. Describe several techniques for studying the brain. 12. Describe the components of the brainstem, and summarize the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum. 13. Describe the structures and functions of the limbic system, and explain how one of these structures controls the pituitary gland. 14. Define cerebral cortex, and explain its importance for the human brain. 15. Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. 16. Summarize some of the findings on the functions of the motor cortex and the sensory cortex, and discuss the importance of the association areas. 17. Describe the five brain areas that would be involved if your this sentence aloud. 18. Discuss the brain’s plasticity following injury or illness. 19. Describe the split-brain research, and explain how it helps us understand the functions of our left and right hemispheres. 20. Discuss the relationships among brain organization, handedness, and mortality.