Download Lecture - Chapter 13: Central Nervous System - dr

Lecture - Chapter 13: Central Nervous System
1. Describe the following structures of the brain, what is the general function of each:
a. Cerebrum
b. Diencephalon
c. Brain Stem
d. Cerebellum
2. What structures make up the brainstem, what is the function of each?
3. What structures make up the diencephalon, what is the function of each?
4. What are the four ventricles and what is their function?
5. What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
6. Describe the following about the CSF
a. Where is it made.
b. How is it made CSF.
c. What is the path it takes through the brain and spinal cord.
7. What are the 5 lobes of the brain, what are they named after, what functional regions are
found in each?
8. Define the following:
a. Sulcus
b. Gyrus
c. Fissure
9. What major structure separates the left cerebral hemisphere from the right?
10. What major structure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
11. Describe the following anatomical structures:
a. Central sulcus
b. Precentral gyrus (what is its function)
c. Postcentral gyrus (what is its function)
12. Describe the path of motor control from the brain to skeletal muscle. Be sure to include
the basal ganglia and cerebellum’s role in addition to the primary motor and premotor
cortex. Be able to locate upper and lower motor neuron (where does each start and end).
Be able to follow the path a motor response takes through the brain and out to the muscle.
13. What is the function of the following cerebral cortices, what cerebral lobe are they found
in?
a. Primary somatosensory cortex/ somatosensory association area
b. Primary visual cortex/visual association area
c. Auditory cortex/ association area
d. Olfactory cortex
e. Gustatory cortex
f. Frontal Eye Field
g. Wernikies Area
h. Brocas Area
14. How do the primary cortices and association areas work together?
15. What is the function of the limbic system?
16. What is the function of the reticular system?
17. Describe the pathway of incoming sensory information. Include first, second and third
order neurons including location of cell bodies and axon terminals.
18. Describe the pathway of outgoing motor commands. Include upper and lower neurons
including location of cell bodies and axon terminals.
19. What is the function of the following fiber tracts
a. Projection fibers
b. Commissural fibers
c. Association fibers
20. A fly just landed on your arm. Describe how the signal travels from the arm, to the brain.
What areas of the brain process the information, and what parts of the brain send a
response to move your arm.
Know the function of the following areas of the brain
Region
Function
Basel Nuclei/Basel Ganglia
Subconscious control of skeletal muscle
tone, coordination of learned movement
patterns. May initiate motor movement.
Provides general pattern of rhythum for
undergoing movements.
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Corpora quadrigemina (superior and
inferior colliculus)
Hypothalamus
Limbic System (a functional group - not an
anatomical structure)
Mammillary bodies
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Thalamus
Ventricles
Logic, learning & memory, “conscious”
brain.
Body posture, fine tune movements
Process visual and auditory sensations
Thirst, hunger, emotion, hormone
production. Control of autonomic function,
secretion of hormones.
Establishes emotional states, links
conscious, intellectual functions of cerebral
cortex, facilitates memory storage and
retrieval.
Control of feeding reflex (chewing, licking,
swallowing)
Breathing, heart rate, visceral activities,
sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves
Higher levels of respiratory control,
sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves
Acts as a filter for ascending sensory
information that is projected to the primary
cortex and basal nuclei.
Filled with CSF
21. Describe the anatomy spinal cord, include the following items:
a. Cervical enlargement
b. Lumbar enlargement
c. Conus medullaris
d. Cauda equina
e. Filum terminal
f. White matter
g. Grey matter
22. What can be found in each of these anatomical structures?
a. Anterior, posterior and lateral grey horn
b. Dorsal and ventral roots
c. Dorsal root ganglia.
d. Central canal
23. Describe the following structures:
a. Epidural space
b. Denticulate ligament
24. Describe the three meninges found in the spinal cord.
25. Describe the anatomy of a typical peripheral nerve. Include the following:
a. Axon
b. myline
c. fasicles
d. endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium.
26. What is a ganglia? A nucleus? A fiber tract?
27. What is meant by a mixed nerve?
28. Describe the pathway of incoming sensory information to the spinal cord, and outgoing
motor information from the spinal cord to the periphery. Include the location of cell
bodes and axons of neurons within the following structures of the spinal cord:
a. Dorsal root, ventral root, dorsal root ganglia
b. Posterior grey horn, anterior grey horn
c. Spinal nerve
Label the following, and describe their function:
1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon (thalamus,
hypothalamus, epithalamus)
3. Mid brain (corpora quadrigemina,
superior coliculi, inferior clliculi)
4. Pons
5. Medula oblongata
6. Cerebellum
7. Arbor Vitae
8. Brain stem
9. Corpus Collosum
10. Fornix
11. Choroid Plexus
12. Mammillary body
Label the following structures:
1. Dorsal root
2. Ventral root
3. dorsal root ganglia
4. Posterior grey horn
5. Anterior grey horn
6. Spinal nerve
7. Central Canal
8. Dura mater
9. Pia mater
10. Arachnoid mater
11. Grey commisure
12. Grey mater
13. White mater
Multiple Choice
1. The somatosensory cortex is found here:
A. Pons
B. Diencephalon
C. Medulla
D. Occipital lobe
E. None of the above
2. The grey matter of the spinal cord is dominated by:
A. Unmyelinated axons
B. Cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons
C. Schwan cells and satellite cells
D. Myelinated axons
3. A synapse is:
A. A junction between a neuron and a cell
B. Site of neuronal communication
C. Site of neurotranmitter release
D. Separated by a synaptic cleft
E. All of the above
True/False
1. Grey matter mainly contains bundles of axons.
2. The ventral root of the spinal cord contains bundles of sensory axons.
3. Projection fiber tracts connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.