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Transcript
The Nervous System & Neurons Overview of the Nervous System • STRUCTURES: brain, spinal cord, & peripheral nerves • FUNCTION: Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments Overview of the Nervous System • The ultimate control of all the organ systems is done by the nervous system. A. Neurons • Neurons are nerve cells that carry electrical impulses through the body • Impulse = message • Neurons are classified according to the direction an impulse travels. • 3 Types of Neurons – 1. Sensory: carry impulses from sense organs to the brain – 2. Motor: carry impulses from the brain to muscles & glands – 3. Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and process impulses Interneuron Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Reflex Arc Sensory Neuron Interneuron Motor Neuron • Structure of a Neuron Nucleus Dendrites Axon terminals Cell body Myelin sheath Nodes Axon – 1. Dendrites: receive impulses – 2. Cell body: contains nucleus & cytoplasm, largest part of cell – 3. Axon: transmit impulses away from cell body – 4. Myelin Sheath: covering that insulates the axon, sending the impulse faster and gives axon a whitish appearance – Neurons with axons that have myelin make up “white matter” in the brain, while neurons without myelin are called “gray matter” – 5. Nodes: gaps in the myelin sheath where membrane is exposed – Impulses jump from one node to the next – 6. Axon terminals: transmits impulse (message) to next cell
