Download Neuron

Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
26. February.2014 Wednesday
Neuron
100 billion neurons in the
brain share a number of
common features:
Cell body
metabolic center of the
neuron
Dendrites
receives connections from
other neurons.
Axon
transmits information to
other neurons
Presynaptic terminals
Synapse
terminal region of the axon where one
neuron forms a connection with another
and conveys information through the
process of synaptic transmission.
To communicate with the postsynaptic cell,
the presynaptic neuron needs to release a
chemical messenger.
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine Memory
Adrenaline
Dopamine Reward, addiction
Histamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin Mood
Neuroglia
Non-neuronal supporting cells
Macroglia
Microglia
Ependymal cells
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES
• 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES
• ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (SUCH AS GANGLIA)
SENSORY
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
exteroceptors
external stimuli
(pain, touch, and
temperature)
proprioception
receptors @
tendons, joint
capsules, and
muscles convey
position sense
http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrn1141_F1.html
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
SENSORY – AFFERTENT FIBERS
interoceptors
in visceral organs
convey stretch as well as pressure, chemoreception,
and pain.
Gyrus & Sulcus & Fissure
SULCI-depressionsDIVIDE THE BRAIN INTO GYRI -elevationsLOBES are MADE UP BY GYRI
 Important station that receives the main sensory tracts (except the
olfactory pathway).
 A station where much of the information is integrated and relayed
to the cerebral cortex and many other subcortical regions.
 A key role in the integration of visceral and somatic functions.