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The Nervous System What is the structure of the nervous system? • Neurons • specialized cells that: • gather information about your environment • interpret information • help you react to information • 3 regions of the neurons: • dendrites - receive signals (impluses) from other neurons • cell body - nucleus of the neuron • axon - carries nerve impulses from cell body to other neurons and muscles What are the 3 kinds of neurons? • sensory neurons • • send impulses from receptors in the skin and sense organs to the brain and spinal cord interneurons - located in the brain and spinal cord • carry impulse from sensory neurons to motor neurons • motor neurons • carry impulses away from brain and spinal cord • impulses go to muscles or glands, which respond What is the reflex arc? • nerve pathway that consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron What is a nerve impulse? • electrical charge that travels the length of a neuron • caused by a stimulus • results in a response What is a synapse? • small gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another • the more a synapse is stimulated, the stronger the connection between the neurons becomes • if synapses are not stimulated, the connection never forms or it goes away 1. Cerebellum • Controls balance and muscle coordination 2. Spinal Cord • Connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system 3. Medulla Oblongata • Controls heart rate, blood pressure and respiration 4. Pons • controls sleep, swallowing, eye movement and facial expression 5. Midbrain • involved in vision, hearing and temperature regulation 6. Fornix • Involved in the formation of memories and recall 7. Pituitary Gland • produces hormones 8. Optic chiasma • point where nerves from the two eyes come together 9. Olfactory Bulb • controls smell 10. Hypothalamus • involved in control of body temperature, appetite and sleep 11. Corpus callosum • Connects the two hemispheres of the brain 12. Thalamus • sensory relay center What are your senses? • Taste and smell • senses of taste and smell are stimulated by chemicals and often function together • special receptors located in the nose send information to the olfactory bulb • taste buds located on the tongue detect sweet, sour, salty, bitter and unami • Sight • light enters the eye through the cornea • cornea helps to focus light through the pupil • pupil is surrounded by the iris • behind the iris is the lens • lens projects image on to the retina • retina is made of rods and cones • Hearing and Balance • ears detect volume and frequency of sound • canals in the inner ear control your sense of balance • hearing • sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate • vibrations travel through 3 bones in the middle ear • auditory nerves carry messages to the brain • Balance • 3 semicircular canals in the inner ear transmit information about body position to the brain • fluid in the canals determines the position of the head