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Chapter 11 Nervous Regulation Regulation Is the control and coordination of all life activities SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Nervous System Involves 3 basic structures: 1. Receptors 2. Neurons 3. Effectors SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Receptors Are specialized structures that are sensitive to changes in the external and internal environment SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Neurons Are nerve cells The neuron is the basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Effectors Are muscles or glands in which neurons are attached to SACCONE IS THE COOLEST The Neuron SACCONE IS THE COOLEST A. Nerve control Neurons are used for the transmission of impulses from one part of the body to another 1. Impulse- electrochemical message 2. Stimulus- is a change in the external or internal environment which initiates an impulse. Ex: hot stove 3. Receptors- structures that are specialized to detect stimuli SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Dendrites Fibers that detect stimuli and generate an impulse toward the cyton SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Cyton Known as the cell body Contains the nucleus of the neuron SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Axon A fiber that transmits the impulse away from the cyton and towards the terminal branches SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Terminal Branches The ends of axons that secrete neurotransmitters SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Synapse The gap between the terminal branches of 1 neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Neurotransmitters Chemicals secreted by the terminal branches that aid in the transmission of an impulse across the synapse SACCONE IS THE COOLEST The way it works 1. Receptor- receives the stimulus and initiates an impulse 2. Sensory neuron- carry impulses from the receptors toward the spinal cord and brain 3. Interneuron- relay impulses from one neuron to another 4. Motor neuron- carry impulses from brain and spinal cord toward the effectors 5. Effector- is aSACCONE muscle or gland IS THE COOLEST Reflex Arc SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Reflex Arc SACCONE IS THE COOLEST Hydra Contains no brain or control center, so impulses travel in all directions across a nerve net SACCONE IS THE COOLEST