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The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons. Neurons coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Think of the brain as a central computer that controls all bodily functions. The nervous system then is like the network that relays messages back and forth from the brain to different parts of the body. It does this via the spinal cord, which runs from the brain down through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to every organ and body part. The spinal cord and the brain make up the CNS. Its main job is to get the information from the body and send out instructions. It acts as the central control region of the human nervous system, processing information and issuing commands. It contains millions of neurons. The Peripheral Nervous System consists of all the sensory nerves and the motor nerves. Sensory nerves feed information into the spinal cord and brain. Motor nerves carry messages to other parts of the body from the brain and spinal cord. Sensory nerves contain sensory neurons. Motor nerves contain motor neurons. Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons are usually connected to motor neurons by intermediate neurons (sometimes called inter neurones). Sensory, intermediate and motor nerves have gaps between them called synapses. Neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical processes. Neurons are similar to other cells in the body because: 1.Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane. 2.Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. 3.Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other organelles. 4.Neurons carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and energy production. Neurons differ from other cells in the body because: 1.Neurons have specialized extensions called dendrites and axons. 2.Dendrites bring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body. 3.Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. 4.Neurons contain some specialized structures (for example, synapses) and chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters). When a message comes to the Brain from anywhere in the body the Brain tells the body how to react. Let’s say you accidently touch a hot stove. The sensory nerves in your skin send a message to your brain. Your brain sends a message back to the muscles in your hand telling it to move. Luckily this message passing takes no time at all. Considering all the things that your brain does, it is incredibly small and compact. It only weighs about three pounds. It has extra folds and grooves that provide it with more surface area to store inforamtion. The Brain is made up of 3 major parts: The Forebrain, The Midbrain and The Hindbrain The Forebrain: Largest and most complex Contains the cerebrum The cerebrum contains the parts that make us who we are- our intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move. Specific areas of the cerebrum are in charge of controlling each of these things. These areas are called lobes. There are four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The Midbrain: located underneath the middle of the forebrain Acts as a master coordinator for all the messages going in and out of the brain to the spinal cord. The Hindbrain: sits underneath the back end of the cerebrum responsible for balance, movement, and coordination. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. The human spinal cord is protected by the bony spinal column shown to the left. The spinal column is made up of bones called vertebrae. Although the spinal column is somewhat flexible, some of the vertebrae in the lower parts of the spinal column become fused.