Download Step Up To: Psychology

Step Up To:
Psychology
John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
&
Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD
From: Hockenbury &
Hockenbury
Discovering Psychology 5e
Worth Publishers (2010)
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
A Guided Tour
of the Brain
The Nervous and
Endocrine Systems:
Communication
Throughout the Body
The Neuron: The Basic
Unit of Communication
Specialization in
the Cerebral
Hemispheres
It’s all in Your
Head
The Neuron: The
Basic Unit of
Communication
500
400
300
200
100
The Nervous and Endocrine
Systems: Communication
Throughout the Body
500
400
300
200
100
A Guided Tour of the
Brain
500
400
300
200
100
Specialization in the
Cerebral Hemispheres
500
400
300
200
100
It’s all in Your Head
500
400
300
200
100
1. __________ communicate
information to the muscles and
glands of the body.
•
•
•
•
A) Interneurons
B) Glial neurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) Motor neurons
2. The _______, also called the soma,
contains structures that manufacture
proteins and nutrients, provide energy
to the neuron, and contain the neuron’s
nucleus.
•
•
•
•
A) cell body
B) dendrites
C) axons
D) synapse
3. The brief positive electrical
impulse transmitted along the
segments of the axon is called the:
•
•
•
•
A) electrical cascade.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) action potential.
D) sodium pump.
4. In a neuron’s terminal buttons, tiny
sacs called ________ hold special
chemicals called neurotransmitters.
•
•
•
•
A) glial pockets
B) synaptic vesicles
C) refractory cases
D) nodes of Ranvier
5. The neurotransmitter ________ is
important in thought processes and
rewarding sensations. An excess of this
chemical is associated with
schizophrenia.
•
•
•
•
A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
6. Any nerve that lies outside of the
central nervous system and extends to
the outermost borders of the body is
part of the ________ nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) sympathetic
B) cerebral
C) autonomic
D) peripheral
7. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases, and
pupils dilate, the _________ is/are
activated.
• A) somatic nervous system
• B) parasympathetic nervous
system
• C) sympathetic nervous system
• D) spinal reflexes
8. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
9. The pea shaped structure located just
under the brain that controls the
function of other glands in the body is
called the __________ gland.
•
•
•
•
A) adrenal
B) pituitary
C) thyroid
D) hypothalamic
10. The gland that is of major interest to
psychologists because of its
involvement in the body’s immune
functioning and stress response is the:
•
•
•
•
A) adrenal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonad.
11. An early, popular pseudoscience
called ______ attempted to study
abilities and character by studying
the shape of your head.
•
•
•
•
A) cortical localization
B) phrenology
C) electroencephalography
D) neurological contours
12. The ________ makes up about 90
percent of the human brain, and
contains many of the structures
that control our higher functions.
•
•
•
•
A) hindbrain
B) midbrain
C) mesobrain
D) forebrain
13. The ability of the brain to develop
new neurons after birth is called:
•
•
•
•
A) neurogenesis.
B) transmigration.
C) synaptogenesis.
D) nothing; the brain cannot
develop new neurons after birth.
14. A thick bundle of axons that
connects the right and left cerebral
hemispheres is called the:
•
•
•
•
A) cerebral cortex.
B) reticular formation.
C) corpus callosum.
D) pons.
15. Which of the following is not one of
the brain structures contained in the
limbic system?
•
•
•
•
A) the reticular formation
B) the hippocampus
C) the hypothalamus
D) the amygdala
16. A procedure called a ___________ is
used to reduce the neural impulses that
travel from one cerebral hemisphere to
the other.
•
•
•
•
A) hemispherectomy
B) singulectomy
C) split-brain operation
D) Pons ablation
17. Cortical ___________ refers to
the notion that different functions are
centered in different areas of the
brain.
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity
B) differentiation
C) aphasia
D) localization
18. Which of the following statements
about the human brain is true?
• A) The average human being only uses
about 10 percent of their brain.
• B) All left-handed people are “right brain
dominant.”
• C) The right side of the brain is more
creative than the left side.
• D) Most left-handed people show a
pattern of mixed-handedness.
19. Karl Wernicke was a neurologist who
discovered a part of the brain that is
essential for the _________ of spoken
language.
•
•
•
•
A) production
B) comprehension
C) sequencing
D) organization
20. The general functions of nonverbal
memory and recognition of faces are among
the various abilities that are regulated by
which cerebral hemisphere?
• A) the left hemisphere
• B) the right hemisphere
• C) Both hemispheres control these
functions equally.
• D) There is no research stating
that either hemisphere dominates
these skills.
21. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
22. When monkeys had their _________
destroyed they lost their fear of natural
predators, such as snakes.
•
•
•
•
A) right hemispheres
B) left hemispheres
C) amygdalas
D) hippocampuses
23. The ability of the one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) structural plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) functional plasticity.
24. If you want to keep your brain fit you
can:
•
•
•
•
A) try all kinds of puzzles.
B) watch less television.
C) read more.
D) all of the above.
25. Ken was able to speak clearly after his
stroke. However, he would say things like,
“Carry great stittle come wattle glover
some.” He likely has damage to his:
•
•
•
•
A) right parietal lobe.
B) Broca’s area.
C) Wernicke’s area.
D) corpus callosum.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. __________ communicate
information to the muscles and
glands of the body.
•
•
•
•
A) Interneurons
B) Glial neurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) Motor neurons
2. The _______, also called the soma,
contains structures that manufacture
proteins and nutrients, provide energy
to the neuron, and contain the neuron’s
nucleus.
•
•
•
•
A) cell body
B) dendrites
C) axons
D) synapse
3. The brief positive electrical impulse
transmitted along the segments of
the axon is called the:
•
•
•
•
A) electrical cascade.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) action potential.
D) sodium pump.
4. In a neuron’s terminal buttons, tiny
sacs called ________ hold special
chemicals called neurotransmitters.
•
•
•
•
A) glial pockets
B) synaptic vesicles
C) refractory cases
D) nodes of Ranvier
5. The neurotransmitter ________ is
important in thought processes and
rewarding sensations. An excess of
this chemical is associated with
schizophrenia.
•
•
•
•
A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
6. Any nerve that lies outside of the
central nervous system and extends to
the outermost borders of the body is
part of the ________ nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) sympathetic
B) cerebral
C) autonomic
D) peripheral
7. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases, and
pupils dilate, the _________ is/are
activated.
• A) somatic nervous system
• B) parasympathetic nervous
system
• C) sympathetic nervous system
• D) spinal reflexes
8. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
9. The pea shaped structure located just
under the brain that controls the
function of other glands in the body is
called the __________ gland.
•
•
•
•
A) adrenal
B) pituitary
C) thyroid
D) hypothalamic
10. The gland that is of major interest to
psychologists because of its
involvement in the body’s immune
functioning and stress response is the:
•
•
•
•
A) adrenal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonad.
11. An early, popular pseudoscience
called _______ attempted to study
abilities and character by studying
the shape of your head.
•
•
•
•
A) cortical localization.
B) phrenology.
C) electroencephalography.
D) neurological contours.
12. The ________ makes up about 90
percent of the human brain, and
contains many of the structures
that control our higher functions.
•
•
•
•
A) hindbrain
B) midbrain
C) mesobrain
D) forebrain
13. The ability of the brain to develop
new neurons after birth is called:
•
•
•
•
A) neurogenesis.
B) transmigration.
C) synaptogenesis.
D) nothing; the brain cannot
develop new neurons after birth.
14. A thick bundle of axons that connect
the right and left cerebral
hemispheres is called the:
•
•
•
•
A) cerebral cortex.
B) reticular formation.
C) corpus callosum.
D) pons.
15. Which of the following is not one of
the brain structures contained in the
limbic system?
•
•
•
•
A) the reticular formation
B) the hippocampus
C) the hypothalamus
D) the amygdala
16. A procedure called a ___________ is
used to reduce the neural impulses that
travel from one cerebral hemisphere to
the other.
•
•
•
•
A) hemispherectomy
B) singulectomy
C) split-brain operation
D) Pons ablation
17. Cortical ___________ refers to
the notion that different functions are
centered in different areas of the
brain.
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity
B) differentiation
C) aphasia
D) localization
18. Which of the following statements
about the human brain is true?
• A) The average human being only uses
about 10 percent of their brain.
• B) All left-handed people are “right brain
dominant.”
• C) The right side of the brain is more
creative than the left side.
• D) Most left-handed people show a
pattern of mixed-handedness.
19. Karl Wernicke was a neurologist who
discovered a part of the brain that is
essential for the _________ of spoken
language.
•
•
•
•
A) production
B) comprehension
C) sequencing
D) organization
20. The general functions of nonverbal
memory, recognition of distance cues, and
recognition of faces are among the various
abilities that are regulated by which cerebral
hemisphere?
• A) the left hemisphere
• B) the right hemisphere
• C) Both hemispheres control these
functions equally.
• D) There is no research stating
that either hemisphere dominates
these skills.
21. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
22. When monkeys had their _________
destroyed, they lost their fear of natural
predators, such as snakes.
•
•
•
•
A) right hemispheres
B) left hemispheres
C) amygdalas
D) hippocampuses
23. The ability of the one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) structural plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) functional plasticity.
24. If you want to keep your brain fit, you
can:
•
•
•
•
A) try all kinds of puzzles.
B) watch less television.
C) read more.
D) all of the above.
25. After his stroke, Ken was able to speak
clearly. However, he would say things like,
“Carry great stittle come wattle glover
some.” He likely has damage to his:
•
•
•
•
A) right parietal lobe.
B) Broca’s area.
C) Wernicke’s area.
D) corpus callosum.
Acknowledgments
• Step Up Created by:
John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Questions written by:
Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD
• Based on Discovering
Psychology 5e by
Hockenbury & Hockenbury
• Published by Worth
Publishers, 2010
Answers—Chapter 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D
A
C
B
B
D
C
A
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
B
A
B
D
A
C
A
C
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
D
D
A
B
B
B
C
D
25. B