* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Step Up To: Psychology
Cognitive neuroscience of music wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease wikipedia , lookup
Environmental enrichment wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Limbic system wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Emotional lateralization wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Dual consciousness wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Lateralization of brain function wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010) Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior A Guided Tour of the Brain The Nervous and Endocrine Systems: Communication Throughout the Body The Neuron: The Basic Unit of Communication Specialization in the Cerebral Hemispheres It’s all in Your Head The Neuron: The Basic Unit of Communication 500 400 300 200 100 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems: Communication Throughout the Body 500 400 300 200 100 A Guided Tour of the Brain 500 400 300 200 100 Specialization in the Cerebral Hemispheres 500 400 300 200 100 It’s all in Your Head 500 400 300 200 100 1. __________ communicate information to the muscles and glands of the body. • • • • A) Interneurons B) Glial neurons C) Sensory neurons D) Motor neurons 2. The _______, also called the soma, contains structures that manufacture proteins and nutrients, provide energy to the neuron, and contain the neuron’s nucleus. • • • • A) cell body B) dendrites C) axons D) synapse 3. The brief positive electrical impulse transmitted along the segments of the axon is called the: • • • • A) electrical cascade. B) stimulus threshold. C) action potential. D) sodium pump. 4. In a neuron’s terminal buttons, tiny sacs called ________ hold special chemicals called neurotransmitters. • • • • A) glial pockets B) synaptic vesicles C) refractory cases D) nodes of Ranvier 5. The neurotransmitter ________ is important in thought processes and rewarding sensations. An excess of this chemical is associated with schizophrenia. • • • • A) GABA B) dopamine C) serotonin D) acetylcholine 6. Any nerve that lies outside of the central nervous system and extends to the outermost borders of the body is part of the ________ nervous system. • • • • A) sympathetic B) cerebral C) autonomic D) peripheral 7. When you’re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases, and pupils dilate, the _________ is/are activated. • A) somatic nervous system • B) parasympathetic nervous system • C) sympathetic nervous system • D) spinal reflexes 8. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is: • A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons. • B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons. • C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons. • D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons. 9. The pea shaped structure located just under the brain that controls the function of other glands in the body is called the __________ gland. • • • • A) adrenal B) pituitary C) thyroid D) hypothalamic 10. The gland that is of major interest to psychologists because of its involvement in the body’s immune functioning and stress response is the: • • • • A) adrenal gland. B) thyroid gland. C) pancreas. D) gonad. 11. An early, popular pseudoscience called ______ attempted to study abilities and character by studying the shape of your head. • • • • A) cortical localization B) phrenology C) electroencephalography D) neurological contours 12. The ________ makes up about 90 percent of the human brain, and contains many of the structures that control our higher functions. • • • • A) hindbrain B) midbrain C) mesobrain D) forebrain 13. The ability of the brain to develop new neurons after birth is called: • • • • A) neurogenesis. B) transmigration. C) synaptogenesis. D) nothing; the brain cannot develop new neurons after birth. 14. A thick bundle of axons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the: • • • • A) cerebral cortex. B) reticular formation. C) corpus callosum. D) pons. 15. Which of the following is not one of the brain structures contained in the limbic system? • • • • A) the reticular formation B) the hippocampus C) the hypothalamus D) the amygdala 16. A procedure called a ___________ is used to reduce the neural impulses that travel from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. • • • • A) hemispherectomy B) singulectomy C) split-brain operation D) Pons ablation 17. Cortical ___________ refers to the notion that different functions are centered in different areas of the brain. • • • • A) plasticity B) differentiation C) aphasia D) localization 18. Which of the following statements about the human brain is true? • A) The average human being only uses about 10 percent of their brain. • B) All left-handed people are “right brain dominant.” • C) The right side of the brain is more creative than the left side. • D) Most left-handed people show a pattern of mixed-handedness. 19. Karl Wernicke was a neurologist who discovered a part of the brain that is essential for the _________ of spoken language. • • • • A) production B) comprehension C) sequencing D) organization 20. The general functions of nonverbal memory and recognition of faces are among the various abilities that are regulated by which cerebral hemisphere? • A) the left hemisphere • B) the right hemisphere • C) Both hemispheres control these functions equally. • D) There is no research stating that either hemisphere dominates these skills. 21. Auditory information is received and processed in the: • • • • A) somatosensory cortex. B) temporal lobe. C) parietal lobe. D) frontal lobe. 22. When monkeys had their _________ destroyed they lost their fear of natural predators, such as snakes. • • • • A) right hemispheres B) left hemispheres C) amygdalas D) hippocampuses 23. The ability of the one part of the brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called: • • • • A) structural plasticity. B) neurogenesis. C) brain reintegration. D) functional plasticity. 24. If you want to keep your brain fit you can: • • • • A) try all kinds of puzzles. B) watch less television. C) read more. D) all of the above. 25. Ken was able to speak clearly after his stroke. However, he would say things like, “Carry great stittle come wattle glover some.” He likely has damage to his: • • • • A) right parietal lobe. B) Broca’s area. C) Wernicke’s area. D) corpus callosum. Stop here, or continue as a review 1. __________ communicate information to the muscles and glands of the body. • • • • A) Interneurons B) Glial neurons C) Sensory neurons D) Motor neurons 2. The _______, also called the soma, contains structures that manufacture proteins and nutrients, provide energy to the neuron, and contain the neuron’s nucleus. • • • • A) cell body B) dendrites C) axons D) synapse 3. The brief positive electrical impulse transmitted along the segments of the axon is called the: • • • • A) electrical cascade. B) stimulus threshold. C) action potential. D) sodium pump. 4. In a neuron’s terminal buttons, tiny sacs called ________ hold special chemicals called neurotransmitters. • • • • A) glial pockets B) synaptic vesicles C) refractory cases D) nodes of Ranvier 5. The neurotransmitter ________ is important in thought processes and rewarding sensations. An excess of this chemical is associated with schizophrenia. • • • • A) GABA B) dopamine C) serotonin D) acetylcholine 6. Any nerve that lies outside of the central nervous system and extends to the outermost borders of the body is part of the ________ nervous system. • • • • A) sympathetic B) cerebral C) autonomic D) peripheral 7. When you’re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases, and pupils dilate, the _________ is/are activated. • A) somatic nervous system • B) parasympathetic nervous system • C) sympathetic nervous system • D) spinal reflexes 8. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is: • A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons. • B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons. • C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons. • D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons. 9. The pea shaped structure located just under the brain that controls the function of other glands in the body is called the __________ gland. • • • • A) adrenal B) pituitary C) thyroid D) hypothalamic 10. The gland that is of major interest to psychologists because of its involvement in the body’s immune functioning and stress response is the: • • • • A) adrenal gland. B) thyroid gland. C) pancreas. D) gonad. 11. An early, popular pseudoscience called _______ attempted to study abilities and character by studying the shape of your head. • • • • A) cortical localization. B) phrenology. C) electroencephalography. D) neurological contours. 12. The ________ makes up about 90 percent of the human brain, and contains many of the structures that control our higher functions. • • • • A) hindbrain B) midbrain C) mesobrain D) forebrain 13. The ability of the brain to develop new neurons after birth is called: • • • • A) neurogenesis. B) transmigration. C) synaptogenesis. D) nothing; the brain cannot develop new neurons after birth. 14. A thick bundle of axons that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the: • • • • A) cerebral cortex. B) reticular formation. C) corpus callosum. D) pons. 15. Which of the following is not one of the brain structures contained in the limbic system? • • • • A) the reticular formation B) the hippocampus C) the hypothalamus D) the amygdala 16. A procedure called a ___________ is used to reduce the neural impulses that travel from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. • • • • A) hemispherectomy B) singulectomy C) split-brain operation D) Pons ablation 17. Cortical ___________ refers to the notion that different functions are centered in different areas of the brain. • • • • A) plasticity B) differentiation C) aphasia D) localization 18. Which of the following statements about the human brain is true? • A) The average human being only uses about 10 percent of their brain. • B) All left-handed people are “right brain dominant.” • C) The right side of the brain is more creative than the left side. • D) Most left-handed people show a pattern of mixed-handedness. 19. Karl Wernicke was a neurologist who discovered a part of the brain that is essential for the _________ of spoken language. • • • • A) production B) comprehension C) sequencing D) organization 20. The general functions of nonverbal memory, recognition of distance cues, and recognition of faces are among the various abilities that are regulated by which cerebral hemisphere? • A) the left hemisphere • B) the right hemisphere • C) Both hemispheres control these functions equally. • D) There is no research stating that either hemisphere dominates these skills. 21. Auditory information is received and processed in the: • • • • A) somatosensory cortex. B) temporal lobe. C) parietal lobe. D) frontal lobe. 22. When monkeys had their _________ destroyed, they lost their fear of natural predators, such as snakes. • • • • A) right hemispheres B) left hemispheres C) amygdalas D) hippocampuses 23. The ability of the one part of the brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called: • • • • A) structural plasticity. B) neurogenesis. C) brain reintegration. D) functional plasticity. 24. If you want to keep your brain fit, you can: • • • • A) try all kinds of puzzles. B) watch less television. C) read more. D) all of the above. 25. After his stroke, Ken was able to speak clearly. However, he would say things like, “Carry great stittle come wattle glover some.” He likely has damage to his: • • • • A) right parietal lobe. B) Broca’s area. C) Wernicke’s area. D) corpus callosum. Acknowledgments • Step Up Created by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. • Questions written by: Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD • Based on Discovering Psychology 5e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury • Published by Worth Publishers, 2010 Answers—Chapter 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. D A C B B D C A 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. B A B D A C A C 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. D D A B B B C D 25. B