Download Nervous System

Nervous System
Animal Science
Co-Ordination
• Adjustments of an animal’s response to
changes in the environment
• Require complex linking of various
systems
• Nervous & Endocrine
– 1st operates via electrical impulses
– 2nd releases chemicals or hormones
Sensory Function
• Sense changes both outside and within
the body
• Example: Eyes sense change in light
• Processing the information received form the
sense organs
• Impulses are analyzed and stored as memory
• Impulses are sorted, synchronized, and coordinated and the proper response is initiated
INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION
Motor Function
• Response to the stimuli that causes
muscles to contract
• Example: Fancy foot work with a soccer
ball
Motor Function
Continuous Tasks
• Performance level is just
as proficient as before
even after years of no
use.
• Example: ?
Discrete Tasks
• Performance level drops
but will still be better than
a new learner.
• Example: ?
Neuron
Neurons are cells that have been
adapted to carry nerve impulses
Neurons transmit high-speed signals
called nerve impulses. Nerve impulses
are similar to an electric current.
• Dendrites-conduct nerve
impulses towards the
cell body
• Axon-carries the
impulses away from it
• Myelin-fatty material
around the sheath
• Axons & Myelins speeds
up the rate at which the
nerve impulses travel
along the nerve
• Cell body of neurons
located in brain or
spinal cord
• Axons extend to the
organ that it supplies
• Nerve-bundle of
axons
Types of Neurons
• Sensory Neuron-nerve cell that transmits
impulses from a sense receptor
• Motor Neuron-nerve cell that transmits
impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a
muscle or gland
• Relay Neuron-connects sensory and
motor neurons
Connections Between
Neurons
• Connection between
neurons=synapse
• Neurotransmitters are
chemicals that are in the
gap between the
neurons
• When the
neurotransmitters
contact the membrane of
the adjacent neuron they
stimulate a NEW nerve
impulse
Reflexes
• Reflex-rapid automatic response
to stimulus
• Reflex arc-path taken by the nerve
impulses
Follow Me…
• The stimulus (pin in the paw) stimulates the pain
receptors in the skin
• This initiates an impulse in a sensory neuron
• Impulse travels to the spinal cord
• Impulse passes(by means of a synapse) to a
connecting neuron called the relay neuron
• Relay makes a synapse with one or more motor
neurons that transmit the impulse to the muscles.
• Causes muscles to contract and remove the paw
Got it?
HOW DO ANIMALS MOVE?