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Chapter 35-2 and 35-3 Objectives: Students will • A. Identify the role and parts of the nervous system • B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. • C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. • D. Compare the two categories of motor neurons. • E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. • F. Summarize the relationship between the nervous system parts. A. Identify the role and parts of the nervous system Main Function (Obj. A): Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Create your link word and reminder now! Our nervous system allows us to feel pain. A. Identify the role and parts of the nervous system Consists of: brain, spinal cord, and nerves (sense organs & movement). Can you name the 5 sense organs? Sense Organs: Eyes, Skin, Ears, Nose & Tongue B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. Out of the 3 N.S. parts, which 2 are in the middle of your body?: Consists of: Brain and Spinal Cord Cerebrum brain Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Spinal Cord •B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S What is peripheral vision? Consists of: Nerves extending from CNS Sensory division = messages travel from body (sense organs = 5) to brain Motor division = messages travel from brain to body = movement . B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Peripheral N.S. Sensory Neuron carry impulses from sense organs (body) to spinal cord & brain Fun Fact: Where can the largest cells in the world be found? The giraffe’s sensory and motor neurons! Some must bring impulses from the bottom of their legs to their spinal cord several meters away!! Which is the sensory neuron pathway? B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Central N.S. Interneuron Which # is the interneuron? -processes impulses in brain and spinal cord - connects sensory and motor neurons B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Which is the motor neuron pathway? Peripheral N.S. Motor Neurons carry impulses from the brain & spinal cord to body Causes body movement like car motors make cars move Axon End Axons branching out to muscle fibers B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Sensory Neuron (PNS) Interneuron = Brain Synapse Synapse Interneuron (CNS) Motor Neuron Synapse Motor Neuron (PNS) Sensory Neuron = Body Muscle Contracts = Body B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Understanding Check Which type of neuron is responsible for each of the following? Which division of the nervous system is it? 1. Forehead Burn 1. Sensory = PNS 2. Stomach Cramps 2. Sensory = PNS 3. Inhaling Oxygen 3. Motor = PNS 4. Spinal Cord 4. Interneuron = CNS 5. Warm Bath 5. Sensory = PNS 6. Sweet Smell 6. Sensory = PNS 7. Leg Kick 7. Motor = PNS 8. Brain 8. Interneuron = CNS 9. Smile 9. Motor = PNS Start-up for 5/21/15 • Create as many words as you can at least three letters long off of the following: NERVOUS SYSTEM DIVISIONS B. Compare the central and peripheral N.S. C. Compare the 3 types of neurons. Understanding Check Which type of neuron is responsible for each of the following? Which division of the nervous system is it? 1. Forehead Burn 1. Sensory = PNS 2. Stomach Cramps 2. Sensory = PNS 3. Inhaling Oxygen 3. Motor = PNS 4. Spinal Cord 4. Interneuron = CNS 5. Warm Bath 5. Sensory = PNS 6. Sweet Smell 6. Sensory = PNS 7. Leg Kick 7. Motor = PNS 8. Brain 8. Interneuron = CNS 9. Smile 9. Motor = PNS D. Compare the two categories of motor neurons. Autonomic or Somatic? Why? How are motor neurons divided? Autonomic (Of what word does this one remind you?) = Automatic responses internally. Where does this happen? Glands, blood vessels, and organs. Somatic = Skeletal muscle responses, visual movement. E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. How are nerves related to neurons? A nerve is an organ containing a bundle of nerve cells called neurons. How are messages transmitted? Neurons carry electrical messages called impulses throughout the body. Picture shows hundreds of severed neuron axons E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. 1. Cell body: contains nucleus & most of the cytoplasm 2. Nucleus: contains genetic material and controls cell’s activities. 3. Dendrites: projections that receives impulses into the neuron to the cell body. 4. Axon: long projection that carries impulses away from cell body 5. Myelin Sheath: insulating membrane surrounding the axon 6. Nodes: impulses jump from one to the next, increases impulse speed 7. Axon Terminals: releases neurotransmitters, chemical that transmits impulse across a synapse Parts of a Neuron 2 1 3 4 7 5 6 E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. Starts from environment or another stimulated neuron dendrite Axon cell body cell body TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON synapse muscle tissue E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. Because neurons never touch, chemical signalers called neurotransmitters must travel through the space called synapse between two neurons. Neurotransmitters (pink spheres) Synapse (gap) The message is transferred when RECEPTORS receive neurotransmitters. • Nerves work together with muscles for movement. An impulse begins when one neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the sense organs. • The impulse travels down the axons of Sensory neurons to the brain cells called Interneurons. • The brain will then send an impulse through motor neurons to the necessary muscle or organs, telling it to contract. •F. Summarize the relationship between the Nervous System Parts. Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Cord Sensory (neurons) Division Motor (neurons) Division Interneurons Somatic Skeletal Muscle Movement Autonomic Internal Organ Movement Sight Smell Taste Touch Hearing Understanding Check • 1. What comprises the central nervous system? • 2. Name the three types of neurons. • 3. Why do impulses occur? • 4. What is the name of the chemical messenger that transmits impulses across the synapse? • 5. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?