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BBio 351: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology I
Winter 2016
Study Guide for Quiz 6
NEURO
N16. If a neurotransmitter causes chloride ions to flow into a postsynaptic neuron, the resulting change
in membrane potential would be considered an ________ post-synaptic potential (_PSP) and thus would
make threshold ______ likely to be reached.
N17. Contrast the effects of an acetylcholinesterase (ACE) inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction
(where motor neurons connect to skeletal muscle cells) and the junction where autonomic nervous
system neurons connect to smooth cell cells in the walls of arterioles.
N18. Is the graph below (Figure 46-14b from Scott Freeman et al., Biological Science [5th edition]) an
example of spatial summation, temporal summation, both, neither, or can you not tell? Explain.
N19. Which of the simple neural circuits below (from
nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/s1/introduction.html) can "remember"/maintain an activated state once
it is activated? Explain.
BBio 351: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology I
Winter 2016
N20. Contrast the specific mechanisms by which lidocaine and ethanol cause anesthesia.
N21. Neurons A, B, C, and D form chemical synapses with neuron E. (Neurons A, B, C, and D are presynaptic; neuron E is post-synaptic.)
a. When neuron A fires a single action potential, neuron E fires an action potential. Is this observation
consistent with neuron A releasing GABA as its neurotransmitter? Why or why not?
b. If neuron A fires a second action potential shortly after its first one, neuron E does not fire a second
action potential. Why not?
c. If neuron D is firing action potentials, neuron E will not fire action potentials no matter what neurons
A, B, and C do. Speculate as to why.
N22. If a certain postsynaptic neuron does not reach threshold when one of its presynaptic neurons fires
one action potential…
a. This presynaptic neuron must be inhibitory.
b. The postsynaptic neuron might still reach threshold via temporal summation of repeated inputs from
the presynaptic neuron.
c. The postsynaptic neuron might still reach threshold via spatial summation of inputs of multiple
presynaptic neurons.
d. Both B and C are possible.
N23. If, in a lab experiment, you artificially inject Na+ ions midway between the axon hillock and axon
terminus, can you get an action potential to spread back toward the axon hillock? Why or why not?
N24. What are the similarities and differences between electrical and chemical synapses?
N25. Does acetylcholine release by pre-synaptic neurons cause EPSPs or IPSPs in post-synaptic neurons?
Why?
N26. How does the role of Ca2+ ions in axons differ from the role of Na+ in axons?
N27. What would you find in the axon hillock that you wouldn’t find (to the same extent) in the
dendrites and soma?