Download Introduction to Psychology: Final Exam

Introduction to Psychology: Test 1
Fall Semester 2015
Dr. Terry
Name _____________________________
Chapter 1
1. Psychology is currently defined as:
A. the science of behavior & mental processes
C. the study of the brain
B. the science of mental processes
D. the science of behavior
2. Who is recognized as the world’s first psychologist?
A. Sigmund Freud, who developed psychoanalysis.
B. Edward Tichener, who started the structuralist school of thought.
C. Wilhelm Wundt, who established a lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
D. Aristotle and the ancient Greek philosophers.
3. Interest in this perspective has grown in recent decades because of advances in technology
and medicine. It emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior,
including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics.
A. Psychodynamic B. Neuroscience
C. Behavioral
D. Cognitive
4. Which perspective in psychology focuses on the mental processes of thinking and the related
skills of remembering, learning, problem-solving and decision-making?
A. Psychodynamic B. Neuroscience
C. Behavioral
D. Cognitive
5. A psychotherapist who can prescribe anti-depressant medications must be:
A. a clinical psychologist
B. a licensed counselor
C. a cognitive psychologist
D. a psychiatrist
6. The Greek work “psyche” refers to:
A. the mind or soul
B. the emotions
C. the brain
D. behavior
7. Statistical correlations cannot be used to:
A. show the strength of association between two measures.
B. show the direction of relationship between two measures.
C. predict scores on one measure from the other.
D. demonstrate a causal relationship between two measures
8. The main drawback that makes adequate observation difficult is that:
A. results don’t generalize well to everyday life.
B. it takes too long to collect the data.
C. people who are being watched will change their behavior.
D. it is too easy to ask the wrong questions.
9, A testable prediction is called a(an):
A, theory
B. thesis
C. hypothesis
D. independent variable
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10. In an experiment, the variable that the experimenter measures because he/she assumes that it
is the effect in a causal relationship is the ____________ variable.
A. experimental
B. control
C. independent
D. dependent
11. What factors allow researchers to claim evidence of causality in an experiment?
A. independent & dependent variables
B. correlation & description
C. control & manipulation
D. pretests & posttests
12. Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzees in the jungle are using a
research method known as:
A. the survey
B. experimentation
C. naturalistic observation
D. the case study
Mini-match: Match items A-E with the questions that they answer (13-17).
A. action potential
B. dendrite C. axon
D. myelin sheath
E. synapse
A 13. Another name for a neural impulse or electrical energy passing down an axon.
E 14. The junction between a sending and a receiving neuron where there is a tiny gap.
B 15. A branch of a neuron that receives incoming messages from other neurons.
D 16. A fatty covering that enables the axon of a neuron to fire faster.
C 17. The branch of a neuron that sends messages out to surrounding neurons.
Mini-match: Match items A-E with the questions that they answer (17-21).
A. reuptake
B. lock & key
C. neurotransmitter
D. agonist
E. serotonin
B 18. A description of how certain molecular shapes are required to fit into receptor sites at
synapses.
C 19. A chemical manufactured in the nervous system and used to send messages between
neurons.
E 20. An actual chemical found in the brain, lack of which may lead to depression and require
the use of Prozac or another SSRI drug.
D 21. A drug that copies a natural body neurotransmitter and causes excitatory messages to be
sent.
A 22. The process of reabsorbing chemicals from the synaptic gap after they have served their
purpose.
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23. The central nervous system:
A. consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B. includes only the brain.
C. is part of the peripheral nervous system. D. is part of the somatic nervous system.
24. Shows patterns of brain electrical activity or brainwaves.
A. CAT (CT) scan
B. PET scan C. EEG
D. fMRI
E. MRI
Mini-match: Match items A-E with the questions that they answer (26-30).
A. medulla
B. cerebellum
C. reticular formation
D. thalamus
E. hypothalamus
D 25. This structure sits on top of the brain stem and directs information from all the sensory
organs except the nose to where it needs to go in the cortex.
B 26. Wrapped around the base of the brainstem, these two, striped, “little brain” hemispheres
coordinate voluntary muscle movement.
C27. The brain’s activating system, or “alarm clock,” thatdirects attention and alertness.
A 28. This structure in the brainstem directs vital life functions such as heartbeat and breathing.
E 29. A peanut-sized structure that is part of the forebrain’s limbic system regulates behaviors
related to survival, such as eating, drinking , and sexual activity, and bodily homeostasis.
30. Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital are names referring to:
A. segments of the spinal cord.
B. portions of the limbic system.
C. branches of the autonomic nervous system.
D. lobes of the brain.
31. The lobes at the back of the cortex that receive incoming visual information.
A. parietal
B. temporal
C. frontal
D. occipital
32. These locations on the cerebral cortex are involved in processing and integrating sensory
information, language, abstract reasoning, creative thought, and the integration of perceptions
and memories How they do this is not well understood.
A. sensory cortex
B. Wernicke’s areas C. association areas D. Parietal lobes
33. Which of the following is true concerning the brain?
A. The left hemisphere is always dominant for speech and logic.
B. The cortex has functional plasticity so that one part can take over another’s job
following brain damage.
C. We only use 10% of our brain capacity.
D. Parts of the body are represented on the motor cortex in proportion to their sizes.
34. A circadian rhythm or cycle lasts about:
A. 50 minutes
B. 90 minutes
C. a day
D. a week
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35. In this sleep disorder you “act out” your dreams physically, and may sustain injury.
A. sleep apnea
B. narcolepsy C. REM sleep behavior disorder D. insomnia
36. The slow brainwave sleep stage where night terror or sleepwalking is most likely to occur:
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 4
D.REM
37. Which of the following is not characteristic of REM sleep?
A. Active memory
B. muscle paralysis or atonia
C. Active brainwave patterns
D. rapid eye movements
38. Lab rats that are deprived of sleep for 17 days will:
A. die.
B. develop narcolepsy. C. sleepwalk.
D. have REM rebound.
39. Given the findings of sleep laboratories, how often do people probably dream?
A. seldom
B. about once per month
C. almost every night
D. there are no data from sleep labs
40. One sleep disorder caused by a physical problem other than our sleep-cycle arousal
mechanism is:
A. narcolepsy
B. sleep walking
C. night terrors
D. sleep apnea
41. This sleep disorder has been used as a defense in murder trials.
A. narcolepsy
B. sleep walking
C. night terrors
D. sleep apnea
42. The theory of dreaming that says we may search emotional circuits during the night and
focus on aspects of situations that we were too mentally busy to deal with during the day, is the
_____________ theory of dreaming.
A. activation-synthesis
B. wish fulfillment
C. information processing
D. problem-solving
43. The social influence (or faking it) explanation of hypnosis is supported by evidence that:
A. Behaviors produced through hypnotic procedures can also be produced without them.
B. Hypnotized subjects have a hidden observer.
C. Easily hypnotized people have trouble focusing on their own thoughts.
D. People can keep their hands in an ice bath without processing pain.
44. What are night terrors?
A. bad dreams
C. something only children have
B. fearful awakenings from Stage 3 or 4 sleep
D. fears of going to sleep
45. What stage of sleep do delta waves dominate:
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
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46. What is a myoclonic jerk?
A. a feeling of falling during Stage 1 sleep
B. a feeling of floating during Stage 1 sleep
C. an allover muscle tremor while falling asleep
D. none of the above
Mark the following as either true (A) or false (B) concerning a hypnotized person.
A hypnotized person can:
A 47. Keep his/her hand submerged in a bath of ice water without processing pain.
B 48. Remember things that happened to them as far back as birth.
B 49. Remember more clearly that they can outside hypnosis.
A 50. Forget what happened to them during the hypnotic session.
B 51. Become physically stronger than they were normally.
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