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AmygdalaAlmond shaped structure in the brain’s limbic system that encodes emotional messages to long term storage Attachment – The formation of a close emotional bond between infants or children and the adults who regularly care for them Axon – The neuron’s long and unbranched fiber that carries impulses away from the cell to the next neuron Brain – The organ that controls our body’s thinking, reasoning, memory and emotions and regulates our balance, movements and coordination Brain Stem – One of the three major parts of the brain, it receives sensory input and monitors vital functions such as heartbeat, body temperature, and digestion Cell Body – The portion of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus but does not incorporate the dendrites and axons Cerebellum – One of three major parts of the brain, it controls sensory interpretation, thinking, and memory Corpus Callosum – The arched bridge of nervous tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between the right and left sides of the brain Critical Period – A time span when a particular part of the brain is most apt to develop and most vulnerable to environmental influences Dendrite – The branched extensions from the cell body of a neuron that receives impulses from nearby neurons through synaptic contacts Frontal Lobe – The part of the brain that is involved in critical thinking, problem solving, planning and decision making Glial Cells – Special glue cells in the brain that surround each neuron providing support, protection, and nourishment Hippocampus – A brain structure that compares new learning to past learning and encodes information from working memory to long-term storage Hypothalamus – Structure located in the forebrain that regulates and sorts internal information Left Hemisphere – The half of the brain that functions to help analyze details and think about analytical concepts, for example math, logic and speech Limbic System – The structures at the base of the cerebrum that control emotions Midbrain – Small area of the brain associated with vision Myelin – A fatty substance that surrounds and insulates a neuron’s axon Neural Networks – A complex system of neurons organized into columns that serve to process a very small part of a brain function and are involved in processing information, making rational decisions and initiating behavioral responses Neural Pathway – A series of synapses that form a network in the brain Neural Pruning – Removal of synapses that are unused Neuron – The basic cell making up the brain and nervous system, consisting of a long fiber called an axon, which transmits impulses, and many short fibers called dendrites, which receive them Neuroscience – The study of the nervous system and the brain Neurotransmitter – Chemical produced in a neuron that carries information in the brain Nerve Impulse – a wave of physical and chemical excitation along a nerve fiber in response to a stimulus Occipital Lobe – Part of the brain, located at the rear of the cerebrum, where vision is processed Parietal Lobe – Part of the brain located on the top of the cerebrum that receives sensation from the body in the form of pain, pressure, temperature, and touch Plasticity – The ability of the brain to change or adapt in response to experience Right Hemisphere – The half of the brain that functions to think about abstract information like music, colors or shapes and to synthesize experiences by giving a quick, general sense of what is happening Migrate – The movement of neurons to predetermined locations Synapse – The microscopic gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Temporal Lobe – Part of the brain located on the sides of the cerebrum that is responsible for hearing, speech, and some learning and memory Thalamus – Forebrain structure, part of the limbic system, that sorts incoming information and coordinates body movements and sensations Right Hemisphere – The half of the brain that functions to think about abstract information like music, colors or shapes and to synthesize experiences by giving a quick, general sense of what is happening Plasticity – The ability of the brain to change or adapt in response to experience Parietal Lobe – Part of the brain located on the top of the cerebrum that receives sensation from the body in the form of pain, pressure, temperature, and touch Neurotransmitter – Chemical produced in a neuron that carries information in the brain Nerve Impulse – a wave of physical and chemical excitation along a nerve fiber in response to a stimulus Occipital Lobe – Part of the brain, located at the rear of the cerebrum, where vision is processed Neuron – The basic cell making up the brain and nervous system, consisting of a long fiber called an axon, which transmits impulses, and many short fibers called dendrites, which receive them Neuroscience – The study of the nervous system and the brain Neural Pathway – A series of synapses that form a network in the brain Myelin – A fatty substance that surrounds and insulates a neuron’s axon Limbic System – The structures at the base of the cerebrum that control emotions Left Hemisphere – The half of the brain that functions to help analyze details and think about analytical concepts, for example math, logic and speech Hypothalamus – Structure located in the forebrain that regulates and sorts internal information Hippocampus – A brain structure that compares new learning to past learning and encodes information from working memory to long-term storage Neuron – The basic cell making up the brain and nervous system, consisting of a long fiber called an axon, which transmits impulses, and many short fibers called dendrites, which receive them Dendrite – The branched extensions from the cell body of a neuron that receives impulses from nearby neurons through synaptic contacts Frontal Lobe – The part of the brain that is involved in critical thinking, problem solving, planning and decision making Glial Cells – Special glue cells in the brain that surround each neuron providing support, protection, and nourishment Cerebellum – One of three major parts of the brain, it controls sensory interpretation, thinking, and memory Corpus Callosum – The arched bridge of nervous tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between the right and left sides of the brain Critical Period – A time span when a particular part of the brain is most apt to develop and most vulnerable to environmental influences Brain – The organ that controls our body’s thinking, reasoning, memory and emotions and regulates our balance, movements and coordination Brain Stem – One of the three major parts of the brain, it receives sensory input and monitors vital functions such as heartbeat, body temperature, and digestion Cell Body – The portion of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus but does not incorporate the dendrites and axons AmygdalaAlmond shaped structure in the brain’s limbic system that encodes emotional messages to long term storage Attachment – The formation of a close emotional bond between infants or children and the adults who regularly care for them Axon – The neuron’s long and unbranched fiber that carries impulses away from the cell to the next neuron