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Name: ----------- Class: Date: _ ID: B • Biological Basis Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. l. The a. b. c. d. 2. The a. b. c. d. somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system comprise the peripheral nervous system central nervous system afferent nervous system skeletal nervous system brain imaging method that uses multiple X rays to generate a picture ofa horizontal slice of the brain is computerized tomography EKG an electroencephalograph stereotaxic instrumentation 3. Which of the following is determined at conception and is fixed forever? a. prototype b. phenotype c. somatotype d. genotype 4. Which of the following parts of the brain is most likely to playa major role in the work of artists, architects, and engineers, who must rely heavily on visual-spatial skills? a. corpus callosum b. the right hemisphere c. the left hemisphere d. cerebellum 5. Which of the following brain-imaging techniques is most likely to be used to study the activity of specific neurotransmitters? a. PET scanning b. CT scanning c. EEG recording d. MRI scanning 6. The a. b. c. d. two most basic divisions of the nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system the brain and the spinal cord 7. Which of the following techniques can be used with the functioning, working brain? a. EEG, PET or MRI can all be used. b. PET only c. MRI only d. EEGonly I. 8. The a. b. c. d. lobe of the brain with primary responsibility for processing bodily sensations is the parietal lobe frontal lobe occipital lobe thalamic lobe Name: _ 9. Abnormalities at norepinephrine a. hyperactivity b. depression c. increased appetite d. high anxiety 10: B and serotonin synapses appear to playa role in which of the following? 10. Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron? a. glia to dendrites to axon b. dendrites to cell body to axon c. dendrites to axon to glia d. axon to cell body to dendrites 11. Sensory information is carried from your eyes to your brain by way of a. afferent fibers b. autonomic fibers c. efferent fibers d. motor fibers 12. The a. b. c. d. • release of endorphins is most closely associated with which of the following two reactions? kindness and aggression pain and pleasure mania and depression obsessions and compulsions 13. The cells of the nervous system that do the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information are the a. neurilemma b. c. d. neurons neuroblasts glia • 14. In computers, the keyboard receives input and passes that information along to the computer's central processing unit (CPU). In comparing a computer to a neuron, the keyboard would be equivalent to a. the axon b. the terminal buttons c. the dendrites d. the soma IS. The implantation of electrodes in the brains of animals is accomplished through the use of which of the following? a. a stereotaxic instrument b. the electroencephalograph c. a stereotypical instrument d. a tachistoscope 16. The a. b. c. d. primary function of the cerebellum is to control blood pressure coordinate body movement process visual information store semantic memory 2 • Name: • ------------ 10: B 17. The conservation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion, is handled by the a. somatic division b. unsympathetic division c. parasympathetic division d. sympathetic division 18. Which part of the neuron has the responsibility for receiving information from other neurons? a. the cell body b. the axon c. the soma d. the dendrites 19. Internal functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and stomach contractions are controlled by the nervous system. a. central b. autonomic c. endocrine d. somatic (-- ----- 20. The flee a. b. c. d. 21. Neurotransmitters are stored in a. nacelles b. dendrites c. synaptic vesicles d. mitochondria 22. A marathon runner may well experience a phenomenon known as "runner's high" because the pain of a long run may trigger the release of in the brain. a. naloxone b. placebos c. morphine d. endorphins 23. The a. b. c. d. 24. An a. b. c. d. nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy (such as from an attacker). central sympathetic somatic parasympathetic master gland of the endocrine system is the thyroid gland pancreas adrenal gland pituitary gland impulse moves from one neuron to another through the action of action potentials hormones neuromodulators neurotransmitters 3 • 'arne: ill: B 25. 26. 27. Exchange of infonnation a. myelin sheath b. synapse c. cell body d. axon between neurons takes place at the The distance between a terminal button and a dendrite is referred to as the a. neuromodulator b. midsynaptic potential range c. transmission gap d. synaptic cleft Glia cells a. b. c. d. release neurotransmitters provide structural support for neurons fonn the primary components of the spinal cord release neuromodulators 28. Robyn has just eaten a full meal and is now relaxing. Robyn's a. sympathetic nervous system b. thyroid gland c. hormonal system d. parasympathetic nervous system 29. Which of the following techniques is likely to be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitter substances in the brain? a. computerized tomography b. electrographic tomography c. positron emission tomography d. magnetic resonance imaging ----- is in primary control at this time. 30. The technique in which radioactively tagged chemicals are introduced into the brain and then equipment monitors where the chemicals appear in the brain is a. magnetic resonance imaging b. positron emission tomography c. computerized tomography d. electrographic tomography 31. A gene that must be paired with another gene just like itself to determine the phenotype is known as a a. co-dominant gene b. heterozygous gene c. recessive gene d. dominant gene 32. The a. b. c. d. 33. Because the speech center is generally located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a split-brain patient is unable to describe stimuli that are a. felt with the right hand b. seen in the right visual field c. presented directly in front of him or her d. seen in the left visual field • hindbrain structure involved with sleep and arousal is the hypothalamus thalamus cerebrum pons 4 • Name: • -----------34. A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a(n) a. synaptic vesicle b. neural impulse c. neurotransmitter d. enzyme 35. Electrical stimulation of its lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to overeat and become obese. Therefore, we would expect that lesioning the lateral hypothalamus would produce a. overeating and obesity b. undereating and weight loss c. alternating periods of overeating and undereating d. no effect on eating or body weight 36. The a. b. c. d. insulating material that encases some axons is referred to as the corpus callosum soma myelin sheath dendritic tree 37. The a. b. c. d. system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream is known as the atopic system endocrine system blood. brain system exocrine system 38. The a. b. c. d. cerebrum medulla cerebellum limbic system 39. • ID: B is the largest and most complex part of the human brain. The area of the frontal lobe that plays an important role in the production of speech is called a. Wernicke's area b. Sperry's area c. Broca's area d. Cannon's area 40. An a. b. c. d. agonist blocks the action of neurotransmitters mimics the action of a neurotransmitter extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters 41. The a. b. c. d. 42. The basic communication minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by the absolute refractory period transduction incapacity the relative threshold period transduction capacity a. neurons b. c. d. muscles glia bones links of the nervous system are the 5 Name: !D: B -----------43. When one member of a gene pair is more influential, such that its trait is expressed over the trait of the other gene, it is said to be a. expressive b. phenotypic c. dominant d. genotypic 44. A person might end up in a coma if the following area of the brain is damaged a. pons b. hypothalamus c. reticular formation d. medulla 45. Which of the following is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as thinking and philosophizing? a. the corpus callosum b. the cerebellum c. the cerebrum d. the hypothalamus 46. The a. b. c. d. 47. When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the gene pair is said to be a. homozygous b. polygenic c. phenotypic d. heterozygous observable characteristics heritability zygotype genotype phenotype of an individual are referred to as one's • 48. If you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word "cucumber" to his right hemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name verbally? a. only the banana b. both of the items c. neither of the items d. only the cucumber 49. Destroying a piece of brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as which of the following? a. lesioning b. stereotaxic inversion c. tumor ligation d. ESB 50. Faster neural impulses occur in a. neurons with extensive dendrites b. shorter axons c. uninsulated or unmyelinated axons d. insulated or myelinated axons 51. An individual with an XXV genotype would have what syndrome? a. Turner's c. Spannon's b. Klinefelter's d. Hooche's 6 • Name: .- _ TD: B 52. Which of the following does not belong with the other three? a. gonads b. thalamus c. thyroid d. pituitary 53. For a. b. c. d. 54. Which of the following statements about the neural impulse is false? a. It is a brief change in polarization of the cell membrane. b. It follows the all-or-none principle. c. It produces stronger neural impulses from stronger stimuli. d. It travels faster in larger diameter fibers than in smaller fibers. 55. When curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites, it is acting as a. an antagonist b. a neurotransmitter c. an agonist d. a placebo 56. If the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, which part of the body would be most directly affected? a. the left half b. the entire body c. the right half d. the upper portion 57. MRl scanning uses all but which of the following to map out brain structure and brain function? a. computerized enhancement b. radioactively tagged sugars c. magnetic fields d. radio waves 58. Which of the following synaptic transmission? a. synthesis, release, b. release, synthesis, c. binding, synthesis, d. synthesis, binding, most persons the cerebral hemisphere controls right; the left cerebral hemisphere right; motivation for sexual behavior left; the right cerebral hemisphere left; language production _ is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters binding, binding, release, release, progress during inactivation, reuptake reuptake, inactivation inactivation, reuptake reuptake, inactivation 59. A split-brain person has a severed a. cerebral cortex b. corpus callosum c. cerebellum d. medulla 60. • The a. b. c. d. use ofa drug that functions as a dopamine agonist would probably lead to which of the following? schizophrenic-like symptoms chronic insomnia excessive anxiety Parkinson-like symptoms 7 Name: 10: B -----------61. A neural impulse is initiated when a neuron's charge a. momentarily becomes less negative, or even positive b. suddenly becomes even more positive than it was during the resting state c. momentarily changes from positive to negative d. suddenly becomes even more negative than it was during the resting state 62. If a key part of the death. a. medulla b. hypothalamus c. cerebellum d. thalamus 63. When this lobe of the brain is electrically stimulated people report physical sensations, as if they had been touched, for example, on the arm. a. occipital b. parietal c. frontal d. temporal • is destroyed, an animal will lose all interest in food and may well starve to 64. Research has found that the left side of the brain typically exercises primary control over all of the following except a. language b. linguistic processing c. visual-spatial abilities d. the right side of the body 65. nerves receive information, while somatic; autonomic motor; sensory afferent; efferent autonomic; skeletal 66. The a. b. c. d. brain structure that controls your ability to understand speech is Wernicke's area the thalamus the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex Broca's area 67. The is most likely to be in control of bodily processes during periods of rest and recovery for the body. a. somatic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. parasympathetic nervous system d. hypothalamus 68. An a. b. c. 69. Surgically disconnecting a. people in comas b. schizophrenics c. psychopaths d. epileptics ----- nerves carry out instructions. • a. b. c. d. ----- individual with only an X chromosome and no second X or Y chromosome would have what syndrome? Turner's d. Hooche's Klinefelter's e. Broca's Spannon's the cerebral hemispheres has its origins in the treatment of 8 • Name: • - __ • ID: B ------------ 70 . Assume the R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and r represents a recessive gene for an abnormal gait called stumbling. Mating two heterogeneous rats will produce offspring that are ... a. 75% stumblers, 25 % runners c. 75% runners, 25% stumblers b. 100% rumblers d. 50% runners, 50% stumblers 71. People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their a. limbic system b. endocrine system c. reticular formation d. left brain/right brain communication 72. The a. b. c. d. 73. Which brain structure appears to play an active role in integrating sensory information? a. hypothalamus b. limbic system c. thalamus d. cerebrum primary processing for auditory sensations is in the occipital frontal temporal parietal lobe of the cerebrum. 74. Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the a. vagus nervous system b. skeletal nervous system c. vascular nervous system d. peripheral nervous system 75. Parkinson's disease appears to be a function of a. agonistic chemical action on the receptor sites of the cerebrum b. degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter c. enzymatic deficiency that does not allow for the proper cleanup of waste products in the nervous system d. damage to glia cells 76. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with the regulation of emotion? a. cerebellum b. limbic system c. reticular formation d. brainstem 77. The a. b. c. d. structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the thalamus parietal lobe corpus callosum pineal gland 78. The a. b. c. d. task of passing a message from one neuron to another is actually carried out by neurotransmitters the action potential the glial cells the myelin sheath 9 Name: _ 79. 10: B Shot in the head, the victim died instantly because the bullet entered the hindbrain that regulates breathing. a. pons b. thalamus c. medulla d. cerebellum 80. The a. b. c. d. specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's polygenic inheritance genotype stereotype phenotype 81. Pleasure centers in the brain appear to be concentrated most heavily in the a. corpus callosum b. endocrine system c. brainstem d. limbic system 82. The a. b. c. d. 83. The a. b. c. d. , that portion of the is the junction between two neurons. myelin sheath synapse postsynaptic membrane terminal button movement of voluntary skeletal muscles involved in doing calisthenics is under the control of the somatic nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system autonomic nervous system 84. Which of the following devices monitors the electrical activity of the brain? a. any of these can be used b. an electroencephalograph c. an electrocardiograph d. a stereotaxic recorder 85. A chemical substance that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter a. agonist b. antagonist c. anticholinergic d. impeder • is known as an 86. Neurotransmitters are secreted from the a. dendrites b. myelin sheath c. terminal buttons d. neuromodulators 87. Most neurons are involved in transmitting information a. from the outside world to the brain b. from the brain to the muscles c. from one neuron to another d. none of the above 10 • .. . • Name: .- ------------ ID: B 88. If brain damage is suspected, a patient may be tested with which of the following methods? a. the electroencephalograph b. lesioning c. the electrocardiograph d. electrode implantation 89. The drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on his nose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is the a. cerebellum b. corpus callosum c. medulla d. hypothalamus 90. People who suffer damage to the organized. a. prefrontal cortex b. medial forebrain bundle c. hindbrain d. corpus callosum 91. A person's current weight and height could be said to exemplify his or her a. genotype b. phenotype c. both of the above d. none of the above 92. a. b. c. d. function in the endocrine system much like Endorphins; sensory neurons Hormones; dendrites Hormones; neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters; hormones in the nervous system. 93. Which of the following neurotransmitters skeletal muscles? a. serotonin b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. GABA 94. We a. b. c. d. would expect the greatest degree of phenotypic similarity among siblings parents and their children identical twins fraternal twins a. b. c. d. receive information from other neurons; Axons; dendrites Axons; synapses Synapses; dendrites Dendrites; axons 95. 96. • often show deficits in attention, planning, and getting is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling transmit information to other neurons. If you have damaged your temporal lobe, you can expect to have problems with which of the following? a. tasting b. thinking c. hearing d. seemg II •• Name: ID: B ----------- 97. The sympathetic nervous system operates (or is in primary control) during periods of a. stress b. circadian activity c. calm d. relaxation 98. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would probably be most harmful to the career of a. a painter b. an architect c. an actor d. a musician 99. An electric potential that increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire is called an a. excitatory presynaptic potential b. excitatory postsynaptic potential c. inhibitory postsynaptic potential d. all-or-none potential 100. In the condition, the two genes in a specific pair are the same. a. phenotypic b. homozygous c. heterozygous d. polygenic 101. Which of the following has been implicated in pain alleviation? a. norepinephrine b. acetylcholine c. endorphins d. dopamine 102. A hormone is a. a chemical secreted into the blood by a gland b. a brain structure below the hypothalamus c. a location in the brain where a specific memory is stored d. none of these 103. When you are walking, the brain sends messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs by way of a. sensory fibers b. central fibers c. afferent fibers d. efferent fibers 104. The production of language for most persons resides in the a. posterior cerebral hemisphere b. right cerebral hemisphere c. left cerebral hemisphere d. central cerebral hemisphere 105. The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle has been linked to a. phenylalanine hydroxylase b. serotonin c. gamma-aminobutyric acid d. amino acid release cycles 12 • • • 1 '. Name: !D: B • .- 106 . MRl scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated that a. schizophrenic subjects have higher levels of dopamine than nonschizophrenic subjects b. schizophrenic subjects have larger ventricles than nonschizophrenic subjects c. schizophrenic subjects have lower levels of catecholamines than nonschizophrenic subjects d. the amygdala of schizophrenic subjects is structurally defective relative to non schizophrenic subjects 107. The a. b. c. d. basic parts of a neuron are vesicles, terminal buttons, synapse myelin, nodes, axon terminals hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain cell body, axon, dendrites 108. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters a. uploading b. cyclomyosis c. regrading d. reuptake into the presynaptic neuron is referred to as 109. A person's genotype refers to his or her a. being dominated by the maternal contribution to genetic makeup b. observable characteristics and traits c. being dominated by the paternal contribution to genetic makeup d. genetic makeup • 110. lfa person has a brain tumor that results in a disruption of his /her eating behavior, which of the following areas is the most likely location of the tumor? a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. cerebellum d. brainstem Ill. Much of the endocrine system is controlled by the nervous system through the a. medulla b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum • 13 ID: B Biological Basis Practice Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. I]. 18. 19. 20. A A 0 B A B A A B B A B B C A B C 0 B B 21. C 22. 23. 24. 25. 0 0 0 B 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. B A A C C C 0 0 A A 0 50. 27. B 28. 0 51. 'jI< '8 52. B 53. 0 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. A 61. A 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. A 67. C 68. )(A 29. C 69. 0 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. B C 0 0 C B C B A C 70. 71. B 72. C 73. C 26. 0 »c.. 85. A 86. C 87. C 88. A 89. A 90. 91. 92. 93. A B C C 94'0 95. 96. 97. 98. C 0 C A D 0 99. B 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. B C A D C B B D D 0 B • 111. B 74. 0 75. 76. 77. 78. B B C A 79. C 80. B 81. 0 82. B 83. A 84. B •