Download Class

Name:
-----------
Class:
Date:
_
ID: B
•
Biological Basis Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
l.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system comprise the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
afferent nervous system
skeletal nervous system
brain imaging method that uses multiple X rays to generate a picture ofa horizontal slice of the brain is
computerized tomography
EKG
an electroencephalograph
stereotaxic instrumentation
3. Which of the following is determined at conception and is fixed forever?
a. prototype
b. phenotype
c. somatotype
d. genotype
4. Which of the following parts of the brain is most likely to playa major role in the work of artists, architects,
and engineers, who must rely heavily on visual-spatial skills?
a. corpus callosum
b. the right hemisphere
c. the left hemisphere
d. cerebellum
5. Which of the following brain-imaging techniques is most likely to be used to study the activity of specific
neurotransmitters?
a. PET scanning
b. CT scanning
c. EEG recording
d. MRI scanning
6. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
two most basic divisions of the nervous system are
the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
the brain and the spinal cord
7. Which of the following techniques can be used with the functioning, working brain?
a. EEG, PET or MRI can all be used.
b. PET only
c. MRI only
d. EEGonly
I.
8. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
lobe of the brain with primary responsibility for processing bodily sensations is the
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
thalamic lobe
Name:
_
9.
Abnormalities at norepinephrine
a. hyperactivity
b. depression
c. increased appetite
d. high anxiety
10: B
and serotonin synapses appear to playa role in which of the following?
10.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?
a. glia to dendrites to axon
b. dendrites to cell body to axon
c. dendrites to axon to glia
d. axon to cell body to dendrites
11.
Sensory information is carried from your eyes to your brain by way of
a. afferent fibers
b. autonomic fibers
c. efferent fibers
d. motor fibers
12. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
•
release of endorphins is most closely associated with which of the following two reactions?
kindness and aggression
pain and pleasure
mania and depression
obsessions and compulsions
13. The cells of the nervous system that do the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information are
the
a. neurilemma
b.
c.
d.
neurons
neuroblasts
glia
•
14. In computers, the keyboard receives input and passes that information along to the computer's central
processing unit (CPU). In comparing a computer to a neuron, the keyboard would be equivalent to
a. the axon
b. the terminal buttons
c. the dendrites
d. the soma
IS.
The implantation of electrodes in the brains of animals is accomplished through the use of which of the
following?
a. a stereotaxic instrument
b. the electroencephalograph
c. a stereotypical instrument
d. a tachistoscope
16. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
primary function of the cerebellum is to
control blood pressure
coordinate body movement
process visual information
store semantic memory
2
•
Name:
•
------------
10: B
17. The conservation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion, is
handled by the
a. somatic division
b. unsympathetic division
c. parasympathetic division
d. sympathetic division
18. Which part of the neuron has the responsibility for receiving information from other neurons?
a. the cell body
b. the axon
c. the soma
d. the dendrites
19. Internal functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and stomach contractions are controlled by the
nervous system.
a. central
b. autonomic
c. endocrine
d. somatic
(--
-----
20.
The
flee
a.
b.
c.
d.
21.
Neurotransmitters are stored in
a. nacelles
b. dendrites
c. synaptic vesicles
d. mitochondria
22.
A marathon runner may well experience a phenomenon known as "runner's high" because the pain of a long
run may trigger the release of
in the brain.
a. naloxone
b. placebos
c. morphine
d. endorphins
23.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
24.
An
a.
b.
c.
d.
nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy (such as
from an attacker).
central
sympathetic
somatic
parasympathetic
master gland of the endocrine system is the
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal gland
pituitary gland
impulse moves from one neuron to another through the action of
action potentials
hormones
neuromodulators
neurotransmitters
3
• 'arne:
ill: B
25.
26.
27.
Exchange of infonnation
a. myelin sheath
b. synapse
c. cell body
d. axon
between neurons takes place at the
The distance between a terminal button and a dendrite is referred to as the
a. neuromodulator
b. midsynaptic potential range
c. transmission gap
d. synaptic cleft
Glia cells
a.
b.
c.
d.
release neurotransmitters
provide structural support for neurons
fonn the primary components of the spinal cord
release neuromodulators
28.
Robyn has just eaten a full meal and is now relaxing. Robyn's
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. thyroid gland
c. hormonal system
d. parasympathetic nervous system
29.
Which of the following techniques is likely to be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitter
substances in the brain?
a. computerized tomography
b. electrographic tomography
c. positron emission tomography
d. magnetic resonance imaging
-----
is in primary control at this time.
30.
The technique in which radioactively tagged chemicals are introduced into the brain and then equipment
monitors where the chemicals appear in the brain is
a. magnetic resonance imaging
b. positron emission tomography
c. computerized tomography
d. electrographic tomography
31.
A gene that must be paired with another gene just like itself to determine the phenotype is known as a
a. co-dominant gene
b. heterozygous gene
c. recessive gene
d. dominant gene
32.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
33.
Because the speech center is generally located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a split-brain patient is
unable to describe stimuli that are
a. felt with the right hand
b. seen in the right visual field
c. presented directly in front of him or her
d. seen in the left visual field
•
hindbrain structure involved with sleep and arousal is the
hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebrum
pons
4
•
Name:
•
-----------34.
A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a(n)
a. synaptic vesicle
b. neural impulse
c. neurotransmitter
d. enzyme
35.
Electrical stimulation of its lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to overeat and become obese. Therefore,
we would expect that lesioning the lateral hypothalamus would produce
a. overeating and obesity
b. undereating and weight loss
c. alternating periods of overeating and undereating
d. no effect on eating or body weight
36.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
insulating material that encases some axons is referred to as the
corpus callosum
soma
myelin sheath
dendritic tree
37.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream is known as the
atopic system
endocrine system
blood. brain system
exocrine system
38.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
cerebrum
medulla
cerebellum
limbic system
39.
•
ID: B
is the largest and most complex part of the human brain.
The area of the frontal lobe that plays an important role in the production of speech is called
a.
Wernicke's area
b.
Sperry's area
c.
Broca's area
d.
Cannon's area
40.
An
a.
b.
c.
d.
agonist
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
41.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
42.
The basic communication
minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
a.
neurons
b.
c.
d.
muscles
glia
bones
links of the nervous system are the
5
Name:
!D: B
-----------43.
When one member of a gene pair is more influential, such that its trait is expressed over the trait of the other
gene, it is said to be
a. expressive
b. phenotypic
c. dominant
d. genotypic
44.
A person might end up in a coma if the following area of the brain is damaged
a. pons
b. hypothalamus
c. reticular formation
d. medulla
45.
Which of the following is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as
thinking and philosophizing?
a. the corpus callosum
b. the cerebellum
c. the cerebrum
d. the hypothalamus
46.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
47.
When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the gene pair is said to be
a. homozygous
b. polygenic
c. phenotypic
d. heterozygous
observable characteristics
heritability
zygotype
genotype
phenotype
of an individual are referred to as one's
•
48.
If you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word "cucumber" to his right
hemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name verbally?
a. only the banana
b. both of the items
c. neither of the items
d. only the cucumber
49.
Destroying a piece of brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as which of the following?
a. lesioning
b. stereotaxic inversion
c. tumor ligation
d. ESB
50.
Faster neural impulses occur in
a. neurons with extensive dendrites
b. shorter axons
c. uninsulated or unmyelinated axons
d. insulated or myelinated axons
51.
An individual with an XXV genotype would have what syndrome?
a. Turner's
c. Spannon's
b. Klinefelter's
d. Hooche's
6
•
Name:
.-
_
TD: B
52.
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
a. gonads
b. thalamus
c. thyroid
d. pituitary
53.
For
a.
b.
c.
d.
54.
Which of the following statements about the neural impulse is false?
a. It is a brief change in polarization of the cell membrane.
b. It follows the all-or-none principle.
c. It produces stronger neural impulses from stronger stimuli.
d. It travels faster in larger diameter fibers than in smaller fibers.
55.
When curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites, it is acting as
a. an antagonist
b. a neurotransmitter
c. an agonist
d. a placebo
56.
If the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, which part of the body would be most directly affected?
a. the left half
b. the entire body
c. the right half
d. the upper portion
57.
MRl scanning uses all but which of the following to map out brain structure and brain function?
a. computerized enhancement
b. radioactively tagged sugars
c. magnetic fields
d. radio waves
58.
Which of the following
synaptic transmission?
a. synthesis, release,
b. release, synthesis,
c. binding, synthesis,
d. synthesis, binding,
most persons the
cerebral hemisphere controls
right; the left cerebral hemisphere
right; motivation for sexual behavior
left; the right cerebral hemisphere
left; language production
_
is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters
binding,
binding,
release,
release,
progress during
inactivation, reuptake
reuptake, inactivation
inactivation, reuptake
reuptake, inactivation
59. A split-brain person has a severed
a. cerebral cortex
b. corpus callosum
c. cerebellum
d. medulla
60.
•
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
use ofa drug that functions as a dopamine agonist would probably lead to which of the following?
schizophrenic-like symptoms
chronic insomnia
excessive anxiety
Parkinson-like symptoms
7
Name:
10: B
-----------61.
A neural impulse is initiated when a neuron's charge
a. momentarily becomes less negative, or even positive
b. suddenly becomes even more positive than it was during the resting state
c. momentarily changes from positive to negative
d. suddenly becomes even more negative than it was during the resting state
62.
If a key part of the
death.
a. medulla
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. thalamus
63.
When this lobe of the brain is electrically stimulated people report physical sensations, as if they had been
touched, for example, on the arm.
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. temporal
•
is destroyed, an animal will lose all interest in food and may well starve to
64. Research has found that the left side of the brain typically exercises primary control over all of the following
except
a. language
b. linguistic processing
c. visual-spatial abilities
d. the right side of the body
65.
nerves receive information, while
somatic; autonomic
motor; sensory
afferent; efferent
autonomic; skeletal
66.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
brain structure that controls your ability to understand speech is
Wernicke's area
the thalamus
the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
Broca's area
67.
The
is most likely to be in control of bodily processes during periods of rest and recovery for the
body.
a. somatic nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. hypothalamus
68.
An
a.
b.
c.
69.
Surgically disconnecting
a. people in comas
b. schizophrenics
c. psychopaths
d. epileptics
-----
nerves carry out instructions.
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
-----
individual with only an X chromosome and no second X or Y chromosome would have what syndrome?
Turner's
d. Hooche's
Klinefelter's
e. Broca's
Spannon's
the cerebral hemispheres has its origins in the treatment of
8
•
Name:
•
-
__
•
ID: B
------------
70 . Assume the R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and r represents a recessive gene for an
abnormal gait called stumbling. Mating two heterogeneous rats will produce offspring that are ...
a. 75% stumblers, 25 % runners
c. 75% runners, 25% stumblers
b. 100% rumblers
d. 50% runners, 50% stumblers
71. People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their
a. limbic system
b. endocrine system
c. reticular formation
d. left brain/right brain communication
72.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
73.
Which brain structure appears to play an active role in integrating sensory information?
a. hypothalamus
b. limbic system
c. thalamus
d. cerebrum
primary processing for auditory sensations is in the
occipital
frontal
temporal
parietal
lobe of the cerebrum.
74. Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the
a. vagus nervous system
b. skeletal nervous system
c. vascular nervous system
d. peripheral nervous system
75. Parkinson's disease appears to be a function of
a. agonistic chemical action on the receptor sites of the cerebrum
b. degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter
c. enzymatic deficiency that does not allow for the proper cleanup of waste products in the
nervous system
d. damage to glia cells
76.
Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with the regulation of emotion?
a. cerebellum
b. limbic system
c. reticular formation
d. brainstem
77.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
78.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
task of passing a message from one neuron to another is actually carried out by
neurotransmitters
the action potential
the glial cells
the myelin sheath
9
Name:
_
79.
10: B
Shot in the head, the victim died instantly because the bullet entered the
hindbrain that regulates breathing.
a. pons
b. thalamus
c. medulla
d. cerebellum
80. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's
polygenic inheritance
genotype
stereotype
phenotype
81.
Pleasure centers in the brain appear to be concentrated most heavily in the
a. corpus callosum
b. endocrine system
c. brainstem
d. limbic system
82.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
83. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
, that portion of the
is the junction between two neurons.
myelin sheath
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
terminal button
movement of voluntary skeletal muscles involved in doing calisthenics is under the control of the
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
84.
Which of the following devices monitors the electrical activity of the brain?
a. any of these can be used
b. an electroencephalograph
c. an electrocardiograph
d. a stereotaxic recorder
85.
A chemical substance that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. anticholinergic
d. impeder
•
is known as an
86. Neurotransmitters are secreted from the
a. dendrites
b. myelin sheath
c. terminal buttons
d. neuromodulators
87. Most neurons are involved in transmitting information
a. from the outside world to the brain
b. from the brain to the muscles
c. from one neuron to another
d. none of the above
10
•
..
.
•
Name:
.-
------------
ID: B
88. If brain damage is suspected, a patient may be tested with which of the following methods?
a. the electroencephalograph
b. lesioning
c. the electrocardiograph
d. electrode implantation
89. The drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on his
nose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is the
a. cerebellum
b. corpus callosum
c. medulla
d. hypothalamus
90.
People who suffer damage to the
organized.
a. prefrontal cortex
b. medial forebrain bundle
c. hindbrain
d. corpus callosum
91.
A person's current weight and height could be said to exemplify his or her
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
92.
a.
b.
c.
d.
function in the endocrine system much like
Endorphins; sensory neurons
Hormones; dendrites
Hormones; neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters; hormones
in the nervous system.
93.
Which of the following neurotransmitters
skeletal muscles?
a. serotonin
b. dopamine
c. acetylcholine
d. GABA
94.
We
a.
b.
c.
d.
would expect the greatest degree of phenotypic similarity among
siblings
parents and their children
identical twins
fraternal twins
a.
b.
c.
d.
receive information from other neurons;
Axons; dendrites
Axons; synapses
Synapses; dendrites
Dendrites; axons
95.
96.
•
often show deficits in attention, planning, and getting
is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling
transmit information to other neurons.
If you have damaged your temporal lobe, you can expect to have problems with which of the following?
a. tasting
b. thinking
c. hearing
d. seemg
II
••
Name:
ID: B
-----------
97. The sympathetic nervous system operates (or is in primary control) during periods of
a. stress
b. circadian activity
c. calm
d. relaxation
98. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would probably be most harmful to the career of
a. a painter
b. an architect
c. an actor
d. a musician
99. An electric potential that increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire is called an
a. excitatory presynaptic potential
b. excitatory postsynaptic potential
c. inhibitory postsynaptic potential
d. all-or-none potential
100. In the
condition, the two genes in a specific pair are the same.
a. phenotypic
b. homozygous
c. heterozygous
d. polygenic
101. Which of the following has been implicated in pain alleviation?
a. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. endorphins
d. dopamine
102. A hormone is
a. a chemical secreted into the blood by a gland
b. a brain structure below the hypothalamus
c. a location in the brain where a specific memory is stored
d. none of these
103. When you are walking, the brain sends messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs by way of
a. sensory fibers
b. central fibers
c. afferent fibers
d. efferent fibers
104. The production of language for most persons resides in the
a. posterior cerebral hemisphere
b. right cerebral hemisphere
c. left cerebral hemisphere
d. central cerebral hemisphere
105. The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle has been linked to
a. phenylalanine hydroxylase
b. serotonin
c. gamma-aminobutyric acid
d. amino acid release cycles
12
•
•
•
1
'.
Name:
!D: B
•
.-
106 . MRl scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated that
a. schizophrenic subjects have higher levels of dopamine than nonschizophrenic subjects
b. schizophrenic subjects have larger ventricles than nonschizophrenic subjects
c. schizophrenic subjects have lower levels of catecholamines than nonschizophrenic
subjects
d. the amygdala of schizophrenic subjects is structurally defective relative to
non schizophrenic subjects
107. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
basic parts of a neuron are
vesicles, terminal buttons, synapse
myelin, nodes, axon terminals
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
cell body, axon, dendrites
108. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters
a. uploading
b. cyclomyosis
c. regrading
d. reuptake
into the presynaptic neuron is referred to as
109. A person's genotype refers to his or her
a. being dominated by the maternal contribution to genetic makeup
b. observable characteristics and traits
c. being dominated by the paternal contribution to genetic makeup
d. genetic makeup
•
110. lfa person has a brain tumor that results in a disruption of his /her eating behavior, which of the following
areas is the most likely location of the tumor?
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. brainstem
Ill. Much of the endocrine system is controlled by the nervous system through the
a. medulla
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. cerebellum
•
13
ID: B
Biological Basis Practice Test
Answer Section
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
I].
18.
19.
20.
A
A
0
B
A
B
A
A
B
B
A
B
B
C
A
B
C
0
B
B
21.
C
22.
23.
24.
25.
0
0
0
B
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
B
A
A
C
C
C
0
0
A
A
0
50.
27. B
28. 0
51. 'jI< '8
52. B
53. 0
54. C
55. A
56. C
57. B
58. A
59. B
60. A
61. A
62. B
63. B
64. C
65. C
66. A
67. C
68. )(A
29.
C
69. 0
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
B
C
0
0
C
B
C
B
A
C
70.
71. B
72. C
73. C
26. 0
»c..
85.
A
86. C
87. C
88. A
89.
A
90.
91.
92.
93.
A
B
C
C
94'0
95.
96.
97.
98.
C
0
C
A
D
0
99.
B
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
B
C
A
D
C
B
B
D
D
0
B
•
111. B
74. 0
75.
76.
77.
78.
B
B
C
A
79.
C
80.
B
81. 0
82. B
83. A
84. B
•