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Pierce College
Putman/Biol 241
UNIT 8 PRACTICE EXAM: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
1. Regarding the function of the nervous system, sensory input comes from
a. inside body
b. outside body
c. both inside and outside body
2. Regarding the functions of the nervous system, what are effectors?
a. sensors inside body
b. muscles and glands
c. sensors outside body
d. both sensors inside and outside body
3. The nervous system is divided into which two units?
a. Sensory and motor division
b. Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system
c. Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
d. Somatic and autonomic nervous system
4. The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches are the subdivisions of the
a. Autonomic NS
b. Somatic NS
c. Central NS
d. Sensory NS
5. Somatic fibers and visceral fibers deliver action potentials into the
a. Autonomic NS
b. Somatic NS
c. Central NS
d. Sensory NS
6. The PNS is composed of which two systems?
a. Afferent and efferent divisions
b. Somatic and visceral motor divisions
c. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
d. Somatic and autonomic divisions
7. The sensory and motor divisions make up the
a. CNS
b. PNS
c. Somatic NS
d. Sympathetic NS
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8. Voluntary:
a. Somatic NS
b. Parasympathetic NS
c. Sympathetic NS
d. a and b
9. The brain and spinal cord
a. PNS
b. Autonomic NS
c. Sensory and motor divisions
d. CNS
e. c and d
10. Includes visceral motor fibers to cardiac and smooth muscles, and glands:
a. Autonomic NS
b. Somatic NS
c. Afferent division
11. Includes motor fibers to skeletal muscle:
a. Autonomic NS
b. Somatic NS
c. Afferent division
12. Neuroglia
a. A psychological condition characterized by schizophrenia and feelings of lightheadedness.
b. Cells that temporarily take over the function of neurons when neurons are damaged.
c. Cells that support, nourish and facilitate the function of the NS.
d. Stem cells that differentiate into neurons when neurons are damaged.
13. Form myelin sheath in CNS:
a. ependymal cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. oligodendrocytes
e. Schwann cells
14. Have foot processes that wrap around capillaries in CNS forming blood-brain barrier:
a. Schwann cells
b. astrocytes
c. ependymal cells
d. satellite cells
e. oligodendrocytes
15. Form myelin sheath in PNS:
a. Schwann cells
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b.
c.
d.
e.
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
satellite cells
16. The “cops and trash collectors” of the CNS; these cells crawl around, feeding on debris and
pathogens:
a. oligodendrocytes
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. satellite cells
e. ependymal cells
17. Secrete cerebrospinal fluid:
a. oligodendrocytes
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. satellite cells
e. ependymal cells
18. Nourish and support neuron cell bodies:
a. oligodendrocytes
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. satellite cells
e. ependymal cells
19. Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord:
a. oligodendrocytes
b. microglia
c. astrocytes
d. satellite cells
e. ependymal cells
20. Speed up action potentials:
a. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
b. oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
c. astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes and Schwann cells
e. Schwann cells and satellite cells
21. Associated with the choroid plexuses of the brain:
a. oligodendrocytes
b. ependymal cells
c. microglia
d. astrocytes
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e. satellite cells
22. Which describes the correct order of events in the reception, propagation and sending of an
action potential?
a. Axon>dendrites>cell body>axon terminals
b. Axon terminals>axon>cell body>dendrites
c. Dendrites>cell body>axon terminals>axon
d. Dendrites>cell body>axon>axon terminals
23. The space across which neurotransmitters diffuse is the
a. Axon
b. Synapse
c. Ion channel
d. Sodium channel
24. Can secrete neurotransmitters:
a. Neuron cell body
b. Axon
c. Axon terminal
d. Dendrite
25. Have receptors for neurotransmitters:
a. Neuron cell body (sometimes)
b. Axon
c. Axon terminal
d. Dendrite
e. a and d
26. Bundles of axons in the CNS:
a. Tract
b. Nerve
c. Ganglion
d. Nucleus
27. Bundles of axons in the PNS:
a. Nerve
b. Ganglion
c. Nucleus
d. Tract
28. Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS:
a. Ganglion
b. Tract
c. Nerve
d. Nucleus
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29. Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS:
a. Ganglion
b. Tract
c. Nerve
d. Nucleus
30. Most abundant neuron type:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
31. Found mostly in the PNS:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
32. Characterized by having two processes extending from the neuron cell body:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
33. Characterized by having multiple processes extending from the neuron cell body:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
34. Characterized by having a single process extending from the neuron cell body:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
35. Rare, but found in the retina, olfactory mucosa and the organ of Corti of the cochlea:
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
36. What is the correct order of conduction?
a. Afferent neurons>associative neurons>motor neurons
b. Sensory neurons>interneurons>efferent neurons
c. Efferent neurons>associative neurons>afferent neurons
d. Efferent neurons>interneurons>motor neurons
e. a and b
37. Motor neurons are
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
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c. Multipolar neurons
d. Unipolar neurons or multipolar neurons
38. Associative neurons are
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
d. Bipolar neurons or multipolar neurons
39. Sensory neurons are
a. Bipolar neurons
b. Unipolar neurons
c. Multipolar neurons
d. Bipolar neurons or unipolar neurons
40. The electrical charge difference between the outside and inside of a neuron at rest is
approximately
a. +30 mV
b. -55 mV
c. -70 mV
d. -90 mV
e. -75 mV
41. The resting potential of a neuron membrane is approximately
a. +30 mV
b. -55 mV
c. -70 mV
d. -90 mV
e. -75 mV
42. Which most correctly describes the ion population to either side of a neuron membrane at
rest?
a. High [Na+], high [Cl-] on outside; high [K+], high [anionic proteins] on inside
b. High [Na+], low [Cl-] on outside; high [K+], high [anionic proteins] on inside
c. High [Na+], high [Cl-] on outside; low [K+], high [anionic proteins] on inside
d. Low [Na+], low [Cl-] on outside, high [K+] and [anionic proteins] on inside
43. Which most correctly describes the neuron membrane during resting potential?
a. Positive charge outside, negative charge inside
b. Negative charge outside, positive charge inside
c. High sodium concentration on the outside, high potassium concentration on the inside
d. High sodium concentration on the outside, high phosphorus concentration on the inside
44. What initially causes the charge difference between the outside and inside of neuron
membranes during resting potential?
a. K+ leaking in, Na+ leaking out
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b. K+ leaking out, Na+ leaking in
c. Anionic proteins leaking out, K+ leaking out, Na+ leaking in
d. Sodium-potassium pump
45. Which correctly describes neuron membrane permeability?
a. More K+ leaks out than Na+ leaks in
b. More Na+ leaks out than K+ leaks in
c. K+ and Na+ leak across the membrane, but at equal rates
46. What maintains resting potential?
a. K+ leaking in, Na+ leaking out
b. K+ leaking out, Na+ leaking in
c. Anionic proteins leaking out, K+ leaking out, Na+ leaking in
d. Sodium-potassium pump
47. What happens at the synaptic end bulb when an action potential reaches it?
a. Neurotransmitter-containing vesicles fusing with presynaptic membrane
b. Neurotransmitter is released
c. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open
d. Ligand-gated Ca++ channels open
48. Which correctly describes the Ca++ concentration gradient at the axon end bulb?
a. Lower on the outside than on the inside
b. Higher on the outside than on the inside
c. About the same on the outside as on the inside
49. Which correctly describes the overall action of the sodium-potassium pump?
a. Pumps 2 K+ out of neuron and 3 Na+ into neuron
b. Pumps 2 K+ into neuron and 2 Na+ out of neuron
c. Pumps 2 K+ into neuron and 3 Na+ out of neuron
50. What is the energy source used for the operation of the sodium-potassium pump?
a. Kinetic energy
b. K+ concentration gradient
c. Na+ concentration gradient
d. ATP
51. Increased Ca++ concentrations inside axon end bulbs cause what?
a. Immediate release of neurotransmitter
b. Fusion of vesicles containing neurotransmitter with presynaptic membrane
c. The initiation of an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane
52. Acetylcholine binding to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane cause what to open?
a. Voltage-gated ion channels
b. Ligand-gated ion channels
c. Mechanically-gated ion channels
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53. At resting potential, voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed.
a. True
b. False
54. The amount of Na+ that enters through the postsynaptic membrane during the initiation of an
action potential depends on:
a. The type of channel that is opened (we need to open Na+ channels)
b. The number of channels opened
c. The duration of channel opening
d. All the above!
55. At an excitatory synapse, the opening of ligand-gated (chemically-gated) channels allows
which ion to enter the neuron rapidly?
a. Ca++
b. Na+
c. K+
d. Cl56. If the opening of enough ligand-gated (chemically-gated) channels on the postsynaptic
membrane allows the membrane potential to rise to -45 mV, an action potential is triggered.
a. True
b. False
57. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open when the neighboring membrane potential spikes over
a. -90 mV
b. -70 mV
c. -55 mV
d. -45 mV
e. +30 mV
58. Depolarization results when the membrane potential changes to or above
a. -90 mV
b. -70 mV
c. -55 mV
d. -45 mV
e. +30 mV
59. Repolarization is caused by
a. Opening of Na+ channels
b. The sodium-potassium pump
c. Opening of Cl- channels
d. Opening of K+ channels
60. Which most correctly describes the neuron membrane during depolarization?
a. Positive charge outside, negative charge inside
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b. Negative charge outside, positive charge inside
c. High sodium concentration on the inside, high potassium concentration on the outside
d. High sodium concentration on the outside, high potassium concentration on the inside
For questions 61 through 64, consider the following graph of membrane potential vs. time:
61. What is the membrane potential at 1?
a. -90 mV
b. -70 mV
c. -55 mV
d. -45 mV
e. +30 mV
62. Which event is called hyperpolarization?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
63. What causes 2?
a. Opening of Ca++ channels
b. Opening of Na+ channels
c. Opening of K+ channels
d. Closing of Na+ channels + opening of K+ channels
e. Closing of K+ channels
64. What causes 3?
a. Opening of Ca++ channels
b. Opening of Na+ channels
c. Opening of K+ channels
d. Closing of Na+ channels + opening of K+ channels
e. Closing of K+ channels
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65. Voltage-gated Na+ channels
a. Open when the membrane potential reaches -60 mV
b. Open then close quickly
c. Open quickly but close slowly
d. Open slowly and close slowly
e. a and c
66. Voltage-gated K+ channels
a. Open when the membrane potential reaches -55 mV
b. Open then close quickly
c. Open quickly but close slowly
d. Open slowly and close slowly
e. a and d
67. What does the opening of potassium channels do?
a. Restores resting potential
b. Makes outside of neuron positive, inside negative
c. Allows potassium to diffuse into neuron
d. Depolarizes the neuron
e. b and d
68. In hyperpolarization
a. Na+ channels remain open while K+ channels reset
b. K+ channels remain open while Na+ channels reset
c. K+ channels remain open while Na+ channels reopen
d. The inside of the neuron becomes more negative
e. b and d
69. The sodium-potassium pump
a. Causes hyperpolarization
b. Restores resting potential
c. Causes depolarization
d. Causes repolarization
70. Voltage-gated sodium channels still open; a second action potential cannot be sent:
a. Relative refractory period
b. Absolute refractory period
71. Voltage-gated sodium channels closed and recovery is occurring; a second action potential
can be sent if a strong-enough stimulus is provided!
a. Relative refractory period
b. Absolute refractory period
72. The fastest-conducting neuron:
a. Largest diameter with myelin sheath
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b. Smallest diameter with myelin sheath
c. Largest diameter without myelin sheath
d. Smallest diameter without myelin sheath
73. Contribute to saltatory conduction:
a. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
b. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
c. Astrocytes and Schwann cells
74. How does saltatory conduction work?
a. Myelin sheaths have ion channels that are triggered by the action potential of the neuron,
thus increasing the numbers of ion channels at least one-hundred fold.
b. Myelin sheaths are rich in Na+ channels; the action potential opens these, flooding the
outside of the neuron with Na+, markedly increasing the speed of the action potential.
c. Myelin sheaths axon so tightly that ion channels can’t open except at nodes of Ranvier;
diffusion of sodium through neuron cytoplasm is faster than opening/closing adjactent
ion channels!
75. Characterized by the hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane:
a. Excitatory synapses
b. Inhibitory synapses
c. Derogatory synapses
d. Expository synapses
76. Characterized by the depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane:
a. Excitatory synapses
b. Inhibitory synapses
c. Derogatory synapses
d. Expository synapses
77. Ion channels that open by the physical stretching/bending of the membrane:
a. Ligand-gated channels
b. Chemically-gated channels
c. Mechanically-gated channels
d. Voltage-gated channels
78. Ion channels that open by changes in the membrane potential:
a. Ligand-gated channels
b. Chemically-gated channels
c. Mechanically-gated channels
d. Voltage-gated channels
KEY
1c, 2b, 3c, 4a, 5d, 6a, 7b, 8a, 9d, 10a, 11b, 12c, 13d, 14b, 15a, 16b, 17e, 18d, 19e, 20a, 21b, 22d,
23b, 24c, 25e, 26a, 27a, 28d, 29a, 30c, 31b, 32a, 33c, 34b, 35a, 36e, 37c, 38c, 39d, 40c, 41c, 42a,
43c, 44d, 45a, 46d, 47c, 48b, 49c, 50d, 51b, 52b, 53a, 54d, 55b, 56a, 57c, 58c, 59d, 60c, 61b,
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62d, 63b, 64d, 65b, 66e, 67b, 68e, 69b, 70b, 71a, 72a, 73a, 74c, 75b, 76a, 77c, 78d.
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