* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Drugs Change the way Neurons communicate
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Long-term depression wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Vesicular monoamine transporter wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Spike-and-wave wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Pre-Bötzinger complex wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Neuromuscular junction wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical synapse wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Drugs Change the way Neurons communicate Drugs change the way neurons communicate • Drugs of abuse interfere with and disrupt the process of neurotransmission • When neurons do not communicate normally, the brain does not function normally either http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mous e.html Cocaine (opiate) Cocaine blocks dopamine transporters (re-uptake pumps), causing an increase in dopamine in the synaptic cleft thus inducing euhporia Methamphetamine(stimulant) Methamphetamine 1. Methamphetamine blocks dopamine transporters. 2. Meth passes directly through the neuronal cell membrane and is carried into the axon terminals where it enters the vesicles that contain dopamine. This triggers the vesicles to be released, even without an action potential. Combined, this causes a surge of dopamine to be present in the synaptic cleft, leading to overactivation of neurons and an extreme ‘high’. Nicotine Nicotine • Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors on the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron. When this occurs the amount of dopamine released in response to an action potential is increased. Alchohol Alcohol • Alcohol binds to GABA receptors on the dendrites of neurons which release GABA as their neurotransmitter. • Alcohol is an inhibitory signal (CNS depressant) so it reduces the activity of the presynaptic neuron (which releases GABA as its neurotransmitter). • The presynaptic neuron will release less GABA in response to alcohol in the brain. • GABA is inhibitory, so less release into the synaptic space creates less inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron. Less inhibition means more excitation, causing more dopamine to be released in the reward system when alcohol is present.