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Transcript
Neurological Disorders Lesson 4.4 Could caffeine treat narcolepsy? Do Now: • Review last night’s homework with a partner. • Be sure you can answer the following questions: – What role does orexin play in the sleep-wake circuit? – How is orexin involved in narcolepsy? Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit Light Orexin neurons Energy balance/ metabolic cues Emotional state VLPO Awake!! Arousal neurons Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit Light/Dark cycle Orexin neurons Energy balance/ metabolic cues Emotional state Arousal neurons VLPO Asleep!! What happened to Skeeter? What happens when orexin receptors are removed in mice? What’s different about the brains of narcoleptic patients? If narcolepsy is a disorder where you fall asleep uncontrollably, could you use caffeine as a treatment? How does caffeine work? • Caffeine effects the signaling of the neurotransmitter adenosine. Adenosine Caffeine Adenosine Levels Cycle Go to sleep Wake up • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. – We have low levels just after sleeping. – We have high levels after being awake for a long time. High levels of adenosine inhibit arousal neurons and activate the VLPO. • What effect would this have??? Adenosine VLPO Arousal neurons High adenosine levels put us to sleep. Adenosine Let’s take a quick peek at this synapse. Arousal neurons VLPO Asleep!! When adenosine binds to its receptors, we fall asleep. Adenosine Asleep!! Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine Adenosine Binding Caffeine Binding Asleep!! What We don’t happens fall asleep. then? Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine Arousal neurons VLPO Asleep!! Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine VLPO Arousal neurons Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine VLPO Awake!! • We stay awake. Arousal neurons Sleep-Wake circuit has many “controls” Caffeine Orexin neurons Light/Dark Adenosine VLPO Energy balance/ metabolic cues Emotional state Arousal neurons Could you use caffeine as a treatment for narcolepsy? Treatments for Narcolepsy • Drugs that act as stimulants: (stronger than coffee) – Example: Ritalin • Behavioral remedies: – – – – Maintain regular sleep schedule Schedule naps during the day Avoid heavy meals and alcohol Do not drive or operate machinery when feeling sleepy
