to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001.24:429-458. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by SCELC Trial on 11/01/10. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001.24:429-458. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by SCELC Trial on 11/01/10. For personal use only. ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... • Basal gastric acid secretion displays a circadian rhythmicity, with a peak secretion between 10:00 pm and 2:00 am (as a result of increased parasympathetic activity) and a nadir in the morning between 5:00 and 11:00 am. • Swallowing 25/h during the day but 5/h during sleep • Gastric emptying decre ...
... • Basal gastric acid secretion displays a circadian rhythmicity, with a peak secretion between 10:00 pm and 2:00 am (as a result of increased parasympathetic activity) and a nadir in the morning between 5:00 and 11:00 am. • Swallowing 25/h during the day but 5/h during sleep • Gastric emptying decre ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... The model of reciprocal interaction (5) provided a theoretic framework for experimental interventions at the cellular and molecular level that has vindicated the notion that waking and REM sleep are at opposite ends of an aminergically dominant to cholinergically dominant neuromodulatory continuum, ...
... The model of reciprocal interaction (5) provided a theoretic framework for experimental interventions at the cellular and molecular level that has vindicated the notion that waking and REM sleep are at opposite ends of an aminergically dominant to cholinergically dominant neuromodulatory continuum, ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... upregulated under fasting conditions10), and the forkhead box transcription factor Foxa2, a downstream target of insulin signaling, is reported to be involved in this transcriptional regulation14). These findings suggest that the activities of orexin neurons are regulated by metabolic balance. Orexi ...
... upregulated under fasting conditions10), and the forkhead box transcription factor Foxa2, a downstream target of insulin signaling, is reported to be involved in this transcriptional regulation14). These findings suggest that the activities of orexin neurons are regulated by metabolic balance. Orexi ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actually promote arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general ...
... of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actually promote arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... potential learning mediating functions of DA. While motivational theories are largely interested in the proactive actions of dopaminergic transmission on future behaviors, the learning theories tend to consider the retroactive effects on strengthening the associations of past events. Anyway, more re ...
... potential learning mediating functions of DA. While motivational theories are largely interested in the proactive actions of dopaminergic transmission on future behaviors, the learning theories tend to consider the retroactive effects on strengthening the associations of past events. Anyway, more re ...
PMAPh_Kirke_AISB_final6
... Previous work on unconventional computing and music has focused on using unconventional computation methods as engines for new modes of musical expression. For example using in vitro neural networks [1] or slime molds [2] to drive a sound synthesizer. The research has not focused on studying the com ...
... Previous work on unconventional computing and music has focused on using unconventional computation methods as engines for new modes of musical expression. For example using in vitro neural networks [1] or slime molds [2] to drive a sound synthesizer. The research has not focused on studying the com ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... waking stimulant. It produces an increase in waking and locomotor activity in rats (38). Caffeine has been demonstrated to reverse psychomotor impairments induced by alcohol, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines (10, 24, 25, 30). Systemically administered caffeine produces c-Fos activation in wake-pr ...
... waking stimulant. It produces an increase in waking and locomotor activity in rats (38). Caffeine has been demonstrated to reverse psychomotor impairments induced by alcohol, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines (10, 24, 25, 30). Systemically administered caffeine produces c-Fos activation in wake-pr ...
Neuronal activity (c-Fos) delineating interactions of the cerebral
... The cerebral cortex and basal ganglia (BG) form a neural circuit that is disrupted in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. We found that neuronal activity (c-Fos) in the BG followed cortical activity, i.e., high in arousal state and low in sleep state. To determine if cortical activity is necessar ...
... The cerebral cortex and basal ganglia (BG) form a neural circuit that is disrupted in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. We found that neuronal activity (c-Fos) in the BG followed cortical activity, i.e., high in arousal state and low in sleep state. To determine if cortical activity is necessar ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts ...
... A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts ...
Full PDF
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... with the discharges of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI) during the acquisition of a behavioral conditioned response. A companion report is concerned with the effects of classical conditioning on the secondary auditory cortical field (All) At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which ...
... with the discharges of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI) during the acquisition of a behavioral conditioned response. A companion report is concerned with the effects of classical conditioning on the secondary auditory cortical field (All) At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... AGAINST EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IS A CHALLENGE FOR BOTH SLEEP MEDICINE AND BASIC SCIENCE. Indeed, sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent, and their association with significant morbidity has become a public health concern.1 Numerous disorders and diseases lead to excessive somnolence, but 8 ...
... AGAINST EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IS A CHALLENGE FOR BOTH SLEEP MEDICINE AND BASIC SCIENCE. Indeed, sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent, and their association with significant morbidity has become a public health concern.1 Numerous disorders and diseases lead to excessive somnolence, but 8 ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... Siamese twins share the same circulatory system, but sleep independently Bottle-nose dolphins: the two hemispheres sleep independently ...
... Siamese twins share the same circulatory system, but sleep independently Bottle-nose dolphins: the two hemispheres sleep independently ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... NA by inhibition of its synthesis leads to a mild hypersomnia (40). But lesions of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons do not have long lasting effects upon cortical activation or waking (36). These neurons may accordingly correspond to a central sympathetic system that stimulates and enhances ...
... NA by inhibition of its synthesis leads to a mild hypersomnia (40). But lesions of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons do not have long lasting effects upon cortical activation or waking (36). These neurons may accordingly correspond to a central sympathetic system that stimulates and enhances ...
Document
... • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different neurotransmitters play a role in some aspect of an animal’s level of alertness and wakefuln ...
... • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different neurotransmitters play a role in some aspect of an animal’s level of alertness and wakefuln ...
Anxiolytic action on the behavioural inhibition system implies
... The 1982 theory attempted to encompass all the information available at that time on the neural and behavioural actions of the anxiolytic drugs, the nature of theta activity and the neural and behavioural functions of the SHS. The explosion of data since its publication prompted us to produce a seco ...
... The 1982 theory attempted to encompass all the information available at that time on the neural and behavioural actions of the anxiolytic drugs, the nature of theta activity and the neural and behavioural functions of the SHS. The explosion of data since its publication prompted us to produce a seco ...
Running head: EMOTIONAL AROUSAL IN MORAL DECISION 1
... dissolve (due to brain damage); in these cases principled reasoning aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing costs may dominate (Greene, 2007; for a different view, see also Moll & de Oliveira-Souza, 2007). Moreover, other studies (Damasio, 2005) showed that in addition to their inability to make ...
... dissolve (due to brain damage); in these cases principled reasoning aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing costs may dominate (Greene, 2007; for a different view, see also Moll & de Oliveira-Souza, 2007). Moreover, other studies (Damasio, 2005) showed that in addition to their inability to make ...
Emotion - NCRM EPrints Repository
... Language and emotion terms Ambiguities in physiology Context and referents Emotion concept vs. emotion feeling Emotion experience vs. emotion ...
... Language and emotion terms Ambiguities in physiology Context and referents Emotion concept vs. emotion feeling Emotion experience vs. emotion ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... Physiology. Coeruleocortical neurons in rats and monkeys show long-duration action potential and slow conduction velocities. LC neurons tend to fire synchronously, often in bursts in response to peripheral sensory stimuli; this is usually followed by a quiescent period, which is thought to represen ...
... Physiology. Coeruleocortical neurons in rats and monkeys show long-duration action potential and slow conduction velocities. LC neurons tend to fire synchronously, often in bursts in response to peripheral sensory stimuli; this is usually followed by a quiescent period, which is thought to represen ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... ordering to the coeruleocortical projection, but the distributions of cells projecting to different cortical sites largely overlap. Recent study by Waterhouse and colleagues using two retrograde tracers suggest that LC neurons collateralize more to functionally related areas (e.g. barrel cortex and ...
... ordering to the coeruleocortical projection, but the distributions of cells projecting to different cortical sites largely overlap. Recent study by Waterhouse and colleagues using two retrograde tracers suggest that LC neurons collateralize more to functionally related areas (e.g. barrel cortex and ...