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heledius - Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health
heledius - Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health

...  When an individual participates in novel and high arousal experiences, the template is at risk for being altered.  High arousal experiences change the brains expectations.  The brain than keeps pursuing these high arousal experiences in order to get to the same level of “pay off”. ...
Ch07a
Ch07a

... • During stressful or emotional events, the sympathetic nervous system works to boost production of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline. • This is usually accompanied by increase stimulation of the amygdala. • You are more likely to remember joyous or traumatic events than any other type of event. ...
Neurotransmitters and Sleep
Neurotransmitters and Sleep

... In the first part of this lesson we discussed the characteristics of the stages of sleep, the sleep cycle, and the functions of sleep. We will now explore sleep at the level of neurotransmitters and brain structures, beginning with the neurotransmitter that plays, perhaps, the largest role in sleep ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling

... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling

... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Brain_stemCh45
Brain_stemCh45

... Origins from pontine reticular formation Function: facilitation of spinal motor neurons in legs for postural support and patterned stereotyped ...
Brain_stemCh45
Brain_stemCh45

... Origins from pontine reticular formation Function: facilitation of spinal motor neurons in legs for postural support and patterned stereotyped ...
Conformity - University of Winnipeg
Conformity - University of Winnipeg

... • Best action best for each individual will, if adopted by others, create a loss for all • Reflects conflicts between: • individual versus group • short-term and long-term interests ...
EMOTION: Information as Subjective Feeling
EMOTION: Information as Subjective Feeling

... • Like any new learning does • New information affects the way that neuraltransmitters are released or processed at neural synapses • What you learn affects the way your brain works, which affects the way your mind works ...
Emotions Lecture Notes Page
Emotions Lecture Notes Page

... Both Cannon-Bard and Schachter would predict the Capilano Bridge results Further Support for Schachter’s theory • Patients were told they would receive an injection of a vitamin (actually epinephrine, which increases arousal) • Observed either an actor that was happy after the injection, or was angr ...
In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by
In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by

... In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by way of glutamate and most inhibitory communication occurs by way of gamma-aminobutyric acid. In general terms, describe what the other neurotransmitters do. ...
Introduction to Psychology - HomePage Server for UT Psychology
Introduction to Psychology - HomePage Server for UT Psychology

... High doses, withdrawal are uncomfortable Irritability, insomnia, seizures, high BP ...
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion

... good to them. Quantity available: people eat more when more food is put in front of them. Variety: people eat more when there is a greater variety of foods available to them Learned preferences and habits Classical conditioning Observational learning People’s food preferences are influenced through ...
AP Psychology - Ms. Hofmann`s Website
AP Psychology - Ms. Hofmann`s Website

... Peripheral Nervous system on this website. Read the two scenarios on the right that begin with, “It’s a nice sunny day…” Draw yourself in each of these situations and in the caption explain what is going on in your body. ...
Initiation of the arousal response
Initiation of the arousal response

... there is a progressive breakdown in the establishment of long-term memory. Retrieval of memory, or performance, requires a lower level of arousal, with only moderate activation of GR. At the neural level, this relationship is seen in the hippocampal processes which mediate long term memory storage, ...
Introduction to Neurotransmitters
Introduction to Neurotransmitters

... • In the PNS – helps with muscle contraction • In the CNS – sensory perception • Related to learning, memory, movement • If a person is having difficulty moving, it may be due to a blockage of acetylcholine ...
Emotion: More Than a Feeling
Emotion: More Than a Feeling

... An emotion-provoking stimulus activates a brain center called the “thalamus”, which simultaneously sends messages to the cortex, producing the feeling of an emotion, to the viscera, producing arousal, and to the skeletal muscles, producing behavior. Fear ...
9 Functions of the Middle Prefrontal Cortex
9 Functions of the Middle Prefrontal Cortex

... Emotional Balance in this context is defined as being able to balance between rigidity and chaos/arousal. In other words, being able to keep from being overwhelmed or becoming inflexible in one’s emotional response. The ability to feel fear, sadness and anger and change it to ease and peace. Also gi ...
Arousal Systems
Arousal Systems

... PPT/LDT nuclei leads to cortical activation and arousal) • LC activation associated with heightened arousal, LC lesions, associated with hypersomnolence, • Lesions of midbrain dopaminergic nuclei associated with akinetic state (failure to arouse) • Serotonergic neurons during sleep, firing rate drops ...
emotion_08
emotion_08

... • "My theory ... is that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion. Common sense says, we lose our fortune, are sorry and weep; we meet a bear, are frightened and run; we are insulted by a rival, and ...
Personality and Physiology
Personality and Physiology

... out interactions with others and more susceptible to positive emotions. – Highly BAS individuals appear to work faster and are more accurate when rewards are used while BIS individuals appear to work faster and improve performance under punishment conditions. ...
The Frustration of Learning Monopoly
The Frustration of Learning Monopoly

... out. This in turn causes Susan to have to attend to this incident, further creating tension. As the tension grows, we can see a corresponding increase in arousal. Incident 2: Integrating A Novice Player and a Spoilsport After reading the directions, Susan’s family takes turns rolling the die and mov ...
Type A Personality
Type A Personality

... – Studies suggest that the left hemisphere is more active than the right when an individual is experience unpleasant emotions and visa versa – May reflect an underlying biological disposition or trait – May also be related to the release of hormones like ...
ch. 48 Nervous System notes
ch. 48 Nervous System notes

... Controlled by several centers in the cerebrum and brainstem  Reticular formation: neurons that pass through the brainstem – Reticular activating system--regulates sleep and arousal – Increased input to cortex, increases alertness ...
Sleep and Arousal
Sleep and Arousal

... • Waking: Alpha (10 Hz) and beta/gamma waves (40 Hz). • Slow-Wave sleep: From alpha to spindles (14 Hz) and delta (1-4 Hz). • REM sleep: Cortical arousal and muscular atonia. Also called paradoxical or dream sleep. • Triggered in pontine reticular formation. ...
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Arousal

Arousal is a physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli. It involves the activation of the reticular activating system in the brain stem, the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility and readiness to respond.There are many different neural systems involved in what is collectively known as the arousal system. Five major systems originating in the brainstem, with connections extending throughout the cortex, are based on the brain's neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, and serotonin. When these systems are stimulated, they produce cortical activity and alertness. The Noradrenergic system is a bundle of axons that originate in the locus coeruleus and ascends up into the neocortex, limbic system, and basal forebrain. Most of the neurons are projected to the posterior cortex which is important with sensory information, and alertness. The activation of the locus coeruleus and release of norepinephrine causes wakefulness and increases vigilance. The neurons that project into the basal forebrain impact cholinergic neurons that results in a flood of acetylcholine into the cerebral cortex.The Acetylcholinergic system has its neurons located in the pons and in the basal forebrain. Stimulation of these neurons result in cortical activity, shown from EEG records, and alertness. All of the other four neurotransmitters play a role in activating the acetylcholine neurons. Another arousal system is the dopaminergic system which releases dopamine that is produced by the substantia nigra. The neurons arise in the ventral tegmental area in the midbrain, and projects to the nucleus accumbens, the striatum forebrain, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex. The limbic system is important for control of mood and the nucleus accumbens signal excitement and arousal. The path terminating in the prefrontal cortex is important in regulating motor movements, especially reward oriented movements.The Serotonergic system which has almost all of its serotonergic neurons originating in the raphe nuclei. This system projects to the limbic system as well as the prefrontal cortex. Stimulation of these axons and release of serotonin causes cortical arousal and impacts locomotion as well as mood. The last system is the histamergenic system. The neurons are located in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. These neurons send pathways to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and the basal forebrain, where is stimulate the release of acetylcholine into the cerebral cortex. All of these systems are very much linked and show similar redundancy. The pathways described are all ascending pathways, but there also arousal pathways that descend. One example is the Ventrolateral Preoptic area which release GABA inhibitors, which interrupt wakefulness and arousal. Neurotransmitters of the Arousal system such as Acetylcholine and norepinephrine work to inhibit the Ventrolateral preoptic area.
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