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Neural Communication Psychology 2606 Introduction It was pretty clear early on that electricity played a role of some sort in neural communication Galvani, frogs’ legs and lightning Fritsch and Hitzig stimulated cortex of various animals, got twitches Bartholow and Mary Rafferty Dr. Penfield, I smell burnt toast EEGs are AOK Caton Helmholtz Hodgkin, Huxley and giant axons Used mircorelectrodes and oscilloscopes to measure the resting potential of a neuron -70 mV Electrical activity of the neuron Resting potential About -70 mV Selectively allowing certain ions in With stimulation Na+ is allowed in Action potential Changes in one area lead to changes in another Chemical to electrical, very cool The Sodium Potassium Pump Active transport takes energy Easier encoding? Faster reaction? An Action potential happens when stimulation causes the pump to sort of stop, Na gets in, K goes out Sort of reversed later integration Excitatory postsynaptic potentials Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials Temporal summation Spatial summation The axon Hillock Where the axon starts many voltage sensitive channels Need oh say -50 mV for depolarization Not all graded potentials are equal Sensation and movement Receptors for Light Sound Smell Taste Touch Pain Cold heat movement Neuron synapses onto end plate Big channels Acetylcholine Ach antagonists can cause paralysis Curare Sarin EEG Oldest form of brain imaging CAT Scan Computerized axial tomography PET scan Positron emission tomography MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging ERPs and single cells Event related potentials Used to see what is lit up, pretty cheap Single cell recording uses micro electrodes