Download Chapter 48 Reading Guide and Key Terms

Chapter 48 Reading Guide and Key Terms
Key Terms
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Neurons
Brain
Ganglia
Information Processing
o Sensory input
o Integration
o Motor output
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Stimuli
Resting Potential
Concentration Gradient
Sodium-Potassium Pumps
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
Cell Body
Dendrites
Axon
Axon Hilock
Synapse
Synaptic Terminal
Neurotransmitters
Presynaptic Cell
Postsynaptic Cell
Glial Cells
Membrane Potential
Hydrolysis
Ion Channels
Selective Permeability
Equilibrium Potential
Nernst Equation
Gated Ion Channel
Polarity
Hyperpolarization
Depolarization
Graded Potential
Voltage-Gated Ion Channel
Action Potential
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Threshold
Positive Feedback Cycle
Rising Phase
Falling Phase
Undershoot
Refractory Period
Zone of depolarization
Zone of repolarization
Myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Saltatory Conduction
Electrical Synapses
Gap Junction
Chemical Synapses
Synaptic Vesicles
Synaptic Cleft
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel
Postsynaptic Potential
Excitatory Postsynaptic
Potentials
Inhibitory Postsynaptic
Potentials
Temporal Summation
Spatial Summation
Draw and label a neuron
Describe the basic pathway of information flow through neurons that cause you to
turn your head when someone calls your name.
What properties of the nervous system could account for the rapid action of some
venom?
How would severing an axon affect the flow of information in a neuron?
Explain the role of each of the following in creating a membrane potential in the
Nervous System:
Sodium-potassium pump:
Potassium Channel:
Sodium Channel:
Under what circumstances could ions flow through ion channels from regions of low
ion concentration to regions of high ion concentration?
Suppose a cell’s membrane potential shifts from -70mV to -50mV. What changes in
the cell’s permeability could cause such a shift?
Suppose you treated a neuron with a drug that specifically disables the sodiumpotassium pump. What change in the resting potential would you expect?
Describe the steps in the process of voltage-gated channels shaping action potentials
How does an action potential differ from a graded potential?
In the disease multiple sclerosis, myelin sheaths gradually harden and deteriorate.
How would this affect nervous system function?
Suppose that a mutation caused gated sodium channels to remain inactivated for a
longer time following an action potential. How would such a mutation affect the
maximum frequency at which action potentials could be generated?
When are the steps that occur after a chemical synapse is triggered?
Complete the following chart with information about the major groups of neurotransmitters:
Neurotransmitter
Structure
Functional Class
Secretion Sites
How is it possible for a particular neurotransmitter to produce opposite effects in
different tissues?
Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme
that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Explain how these toxins
would affect EPSPs produced by acetylcholine.
If a drug mimicked the activity of GABA in the CNS, what general effect on behavior
might you expect and why?