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The paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is a microcosm of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and sensory-motor integration. The three structuralfunctional divisions of the paraventricular nucleus are shown. The magnocellular neuroendocrine division comprises two distinct although partly interdigitated pools of neurons. These neurons normally synthesize vasopressin (VAS) and oxytocin (OXY) and release them from axons that course through the internal zone of the median eminence and terminate in the posterior pituitary. Another population of magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons lies in the supraoptic nucleus along the base of the brain. The parvicellular neuroendocrine division threethe major, separate (although interdigitated) poolsEditon of neurons. Somatostatin (SS) neurons are Source: The Autonomic Motorincludes System and Hypothalamus, Principlespartly of Neural Science, Fifth concentrated along the wall of the third ventricle; thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons are concentrated a bit more laterally; and corticotropinCitation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available releasing hormone (CRH) neurons are concentrated even more laterally. Their axons end in the external zone of the median eminence, where they at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 10, 2017 release their peptide neurotransmitters into the hypophysial portal veins to control anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved The descending division has three parts (dorsal, lateral, and ventral) with topographically organized projections to the brain stem and spinal cord. Axons