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Neurons, nerves and glia Lucija Milošević 2nd year University of Zagreb, School of Medicine 2013/14 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat Introduction Neuron – individual nerve cell – microscopic structure Nerve – bundle of neurons which travel together – macroscopic structure Glial cell – individual stromal cell What is the main function of a neuron? Conducting impulses (in one direction) Neuron Dendrites – branching fibers Cell body – contains the cell nucleus Neuron Axon – the biggest branch extending from the cell body Myelin sheath – fatty tissue which covers axons White and gray matter Synapse Space where the nervous impulse jumps from one neuron to another Neurotransmitters Contained in tiny sacs E.g. acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin Nerves Sensory nerves – carry impulses to the brain and the spinal cord Motor nerves – carry impulses from the CNS to organs Mixed nerves – contain both sensory and motor fibers Do glial cells and neurons have the same origin? Neurons - ectodermal origin - parenchymal tissue Glial cells - mesodermal origin - stromal tissue Glial cells Do not transmit impulses Far more numerous than neurons Can reproduce Three types of glial cells Oligodendrocytes – form the myelin sheath which protects neurons in the CNS Microglia – as phagocytes protect neurons in response to inflammation Astrocytes Transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons Blood-brain barrier – regulates passage of potentially harmful substances from the blood References The language of medicine, Davi-Ellen Chabner http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Thank you for your attention!