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Transcript
Nervous System • Central Nervous System – Brain – Spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System – Sensory – Motor ¾ The starts off with three simple parts and develops into five complex regions with their own functions. http://www.msu.edu/course/asc/333/casby/NeuroPrimer.html Human Brain • • • • Largest Brain to body ratio (w/w) Average weight 1.4 kg Over 1 billion neurons Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) with a half life of about 3.5 hours ¾ Functions: data conduction & : automatic activities essential for survival ¾ Made up of: the medulla oblongata, pons, & midbrain ¾Medulla & pons: conduct sensory & motor signals between the spinal cord & upper brain : control involuntary actions ¾Midbrain: receives, integrates, & projects sensory information upper brain ¾ Functions: controls coordination of movement & balance : helps vertebrate learn and memorize motor responses ¾Function: site of prominent neural processing & integrating centers ¾Made up of: the epithalamus, hypothalamus, & thalamus ¾ Thalamus: directs neural input from the body to specific areas of the cerebral cortex (the outer, gray area) ¾Hypothalamus: produces hormones : regulates - survival mechanisms - circadian rhythms - sexual & fight-or-flight responses ¾ Function: has the most complex integrating centers ¾ Divided into the left & right cerebral hemispheres, which consist of : the cerebral cortex (right & left sides held together by corpus callosum) : white matter : basal nuclei (motor coordination centers) ¾ The right & left sides of the cerebral cortex each have four lobes. ¾ Somatosensory and motor areas of different lobes directly process info. and association areas integrate info. ¾ Our sensory perceptions are produced by a complicated interchange of signals among receiving centers and association centers. ¾ Some aspects of brain research that are interesting include: arousal & sleep; lateralization, language, & speech; emotions; memory & learning; and consciousness. ¾ An electroencephalogram records the different patterns in the electrical activity of the brain produced during sleep and arousal. ¾ Several cerebellum and brainstem centers control sleep and arousal, such as the reticular system that filters sensory input sent to the cortex. ¾The two hemispheres of the brain are specialized for different functions; the left hemisphere contains processes supporting speech, language, & analytical ability, while spatial perception and artistic ability predominate the right. ¾ Parts of the diencephalon and inner portions of the cerebral cortex (amygdala & hippocampus) form the center where human emotions arise and memory is retrieved and processed. ¾ There is long-term & short-term memory. ¾Consciousness is when you can be aware of your surroundings and make conscious judgments about it.
