Download Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 1

Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 1
1.
Most postsynaptic potentials produced by transmitter
substances are terminated by
a. acetylcholinesterase.
b. reuptake.
c. enzymatic deactivation.
d. autoreceptors.
11.
The junction between the terminal button of one axon
and the membrane of another neuron is called a
a. post-synaptic membrane.
b. synaptic vesicle.
c. presynaptic membrane.
d. synaptic cleft.
2.
A brief, rapid reversal of the membrane potential from
negative to positive and back is indicative of
a. an action potential.
b. neuronal death.
c. sustained membrane reversal.
d. a hyperpolarization.
12.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to
neurons?
a. Dead neurons can be replaced.
b. Neurons store nutrients and oxygen in the
dendrites.
c. Neurons have a high metabolic rate.
d. Neurons make up 75% of the volume of brain.
3.
The split-brain operation is performed to
a. promote learning of a foreign language.
b. increase neuronal activity.
c. decrease epileptic seizures.
d. determine if females are left-brained.
13.
4.
Microtubules
a. carry electrical messages within the neuron.
b. act like dendrites within the cell.
c. provide external physical support to neurons.
d. transport substances within a cell.
Which of the statements about cell membranes is NOT
correct?
a. They define cell boundaries.
b. They are made of two layers of lipids.
c. Many eons ago they were free-living organisms.
d. They contain a variety of specialized proteins.
14.
In a(n) _______ neuron, the somatic membrane
projects one axon and many dendrites.
a. bipolar
b. multipolar
c. unipolar
d. apolar
When a split-brain patient sniffs a flower through the left
nostril, the sensation of odor is received
a. in the left hemisphere.
b. in both hemispheres in ambidextrous individuals.
c. in the right hemisphere.
d. in both hemispheres simultaneously.
15.
The sodium-potassium pump forces sodium ions
______ the cell and potassium ions _________ the cell.
a. out of; into
b. out of; out of
c. into; out of
d. into; into
16.
A node of Ranvier is a
a. bundle of microtubules.
b. group of neural cell bodies in the central nervous
system.
c. naked portion of a myelinated axon.
d. knob-like structure at the end of an axon.
17.
Which of the following accurately illustrates the doctrine
of specific nerve energies?
a. Exerting pressure on the eyeball induces flashes of
light.
b. Changes in brain chemistry cause altered
consciousness in most people.
c. The strength of the stimulus determines neural
conduction speed.
d. Different kinds of electrical activity are found in
different sensory nerves.
18.
Cells that gather information from the environment are
termed ___________ neurons.
a. interb. motor
c. sensory
d. phasic
19.
Neurotransmitters that open ion channels indirectly do
so by binding to which of the following receptors?
a. Ionotropic receptors.
b. All of the other alternatives is correct.
c. Steroid receptors.
d. Metabotropic receptors.
5.
6.
7.
As the action potential is conducted down the axon it
a. decreases conduction velocity.
b. decreases in size.
c. increases in size.
d. remains constant in size.
Which of the following indicates the proper order of
neural transmission in a neuron?
a. Terminal button, axon, cell body, dendrite.
b. Axon, cell body, dendrite, dendritic spine.
c. Dendrite, cell body, axon, terminal button.
d. Cell body, dendritic spine, terminal button, axon.
8.
Which of the following structures is unique to neurons?
a. Axon.
b. Soma.
c. Mitochondria.
d. Golgi apparatus.
9.
Which of the following structures is made of filaments
arranged around a hollow core and transports
substances in the cell?
a. A neurofilament.
b. All of the other alternatives are correct.
c. The myelin sheath.
d. A microtubule.
10.
The explanation of complex phenomena in terms of
simpler ones is a(n)
a. deduction.
b. generalization.
c. reduction.
d. induction.
20.
The axon terminals of a neuron
a. have tree-like branches that receive information
from other neurons.
b. transmit neural impulses to the terminal buttons.
c. release molecules of neurotransmitter.
d. provide the life processes of the cell.
21.
During an EPSP,
a. Na+ leaves the cell.
b. Na+ enters the cell.
c. K+ enters the cell.
d. Cl- leaves the cell.
22.
The release of transmitter substance into the synaptic
cleft depends on
a. a second messenger.
b. deactivation of the sodium-potassium pump.
c. the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular
fluid.
d. the opening of microtubules.
23.
The depolarization of the cell membrane produced
when the threshold of excitation is reached results in
which of the following?
a. Threshold-induced depolarization potentials.
b. A negative shift in the resting potential.
c. Opening of voltage-dependent ion channels.
d. Opening of chloride-specific intake channels.
24.
_________ neurons control movements.
a. Sensory
b. Motor
c. Phasic
d. Inter-
25.
Direct electrical stimulation on the brain was discovered
by
a. Luigi Galvani.
b. Paul Broca.
c. Hermann von Helmholtz.
d. Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig.
26.
Darwin revolutionized biology by formulating the
principle of
a. natural selection.
b. genotypical selection.
c. natural concordance.
d. inherited consolidation.
27.
28.
29.
The rate at which a neuron sends a message depends
on the number of
a. adjacent neurons.
b. excitatory and inhibitory messages it receives.
c. terminal buttons of nearby interneurons.
d. synapses surrounding the terminal cleft.
Transmitter substances produce depolarizations or
hyperpolarizations of the postsynaptic membrane by
a. releasing calcium ions into the synaptic cleft.
b. releasing a third messenger substance.
c. attaching to postsynaptic receptors.
d. activating the re-uptake mechanism.
A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70
mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n)
a. depolarization.
b. action potential.
c. hyperpolarization.
d. threshold depolarization.
30.
Traits that are directly altered by genetic mutations are
a. psychological.
b. harmful.
c. always beneficial.
d. physical.
31.
Which of the following statements about neuronal
conduction in myelinated neurons is NOT correct?
a. Conduction speed is very fast in myelinated fibers.
b. Myelination increases the size of axon fibers.
c. Energy is saved by myelination.
d. Myelinated axons use cable properties during
transmission.
32.
In a(n) _______ neuron, the somatic membrane
projects one axon and one dendrite.
a. unipolar
b. bipolar
c. multipolar
d. apolar
33.
According to Carlson, which of the following is an
indispensable use of animals?
a. Doing research.
b. Eating them.
c. Wearing furs.
d. Hunting.
34.
The major function of dendrites is to
a. control metabolism.
b. manufacture neurotransmitters.
c. receive information from other neurons.
d. generate messages for transmission to other
neurons.
35.
At the peak of the action potential, which of the
following ionic movements restores the membrane to its
resting potential?
a. Potassium ions move out of the cell.
b. Potassium ions move into the cell.
c. Protein anions move out of the cell.
d. Sodium ions move into the cell.
36.
The protein molecules to which neurotransmitters
attach are called
a. enzyme activation sites.
b. voltage-dependent ion channels.
c. second messenger binding proteins.
d. neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels.
37.
The term "axoplasm" refers to
a. the jelly-like substances in glial cells.
b. the functioning component of a cell after molecules
are split apart.
c. an active process for propelling substances.
d. the cytoplasm of an axon.
38.
Where can sodium ions enter a myelinated axon?
a. At the point at which the axon divides and
branches.
b. Through the myelin sheath.
c. At the nodes of Ranvier.
d. At the soma.
39.
Most axons in the PNS
a. cannot regenerate if injured.
b. All of the other alternatives are correct.
c. get support from Schwann cells.
d. are unmyelinated.
40.
Which molecule is involved in anterograde transport?
a. Actin.
b. Dynein.
c. Kinesin.
d. Myosin.
50.
Mutations occur from
a. adverse transformations after birth.
b. accidental changes in chromosomes.
c. poor adaptation to the environment.
d. deficient conditions during gestation.
41.
Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?
a. Removing physical debris in brain.
b. Conducting action potentials.
c. Physical support of neurons.
d. Providing nourishment to neurons.
51.
Scientific explanations proposed by psychologists are
usually in the form of
a. generalizations.
b. inductions.
c. reductions.
d. deductions.
42.
A change in the potential of the postsynaptic membrane
that is caused by the release of transmitter substance
by the terminal button is called
a. neural integration.
b. the presynaptic reversal potential.
c. the postsynaptic potential.
d. axoplasmic transport.
52.
_______ would tend to move into the cell based on
electrical charge and concentration gradient.
a. Sodium
b. Protein anions
c. Chloride
d. Potassium
43.
Consciousness is related to the
a. size of the brain.
b. functioning of the mammalian visual system.
c. processes produced by a spiritual mind.
d. ability to communicate.
53.
Selective advantage refers to
a. enhancement of favorable conditions for learning.
b. beneficial environmental conditions.
c. the effects of beneficial mutations.
d. functional adaptiveness.
44.
Saltatory conduction only occurs in
a. unmyelinated neurons.
b. unmyelinated dendrites.
c. myelinated dendrites.
d. myelinated neurons.
54.
Helmholtz pronounced the velocity of neural conduction
to be _________ feet per second.
a. 0.9
b. 9
c. 90
d. 900
45.
What is the membrane potential of a resting neuron?
a. +50 mV.
b. +70 mV.
c. -70 mV.
d. -20 mV.
55.
When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the axon
a. is positively charged with respect to the outside.
b. is not charged.
c. converts potential energy into radiant energy.
d. is negatively charged with respect to the outside.
56.
Results of animal research have benefited animals.
a. True
b. False
57.
Physiological psychologists believe there is little hope
that the mind-body problem will ever be solved.
a. True
b. False
58.
The method of experimental ablation is important for
understanding the brains of humans and animals.
a. True
b. False
59.
The corpus callosum permits the two hemispheres of
the brain to share information.
a. True
b. False
60.
Animal research has helped us to understand human
disease.
a. True
b. False
46.
47.
48.
49.
What happens to an axon when a positive charge is
applied to the inside of its membrane?
a. Depolarization.
b. An action potential.
c. Hyperpolarization.
d. No change.
The right hemisphere of a person who has had a splitbrain operation can no longer
a. control the movements of their right hand.
b. respond to verbal instructions.
c. produce speech.
d. receive sensory signals.
Multipolar neurons have
a. many dendritic trees.
b. one soma.
c. one axon.
d. All of the other alternatives are correct.
The belief that the mind is a phenomenon produced by
the workings of the nervous system is called
a. monism.
b. interactionism.
c. animism.
d. dualism.
Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 1
1.
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b
Reuptake
a
Action potential
c
Split-brain
d
Microtubules
b
Multipolar neuron
d
Action potential
c
Neural transmission
a
Axons
d
Microtubule
c
Reduction
d
Synapse
c
Neurons
c
Cell membranes
a
Split-brain
a
Na+-K+ pump
c
Node of Ranvier
a
Specific nerve energy
c
Neuron
d
Metabotropic
c
Axon terminals
b
EPSP
c
Calcium ions
c
Ion channels
b
Neuron
d
Fritsch & Hitzig
a
Darwin
b
Conduction rate
c
Postsynaptic receptor
c
Hyperpolarization
d
Mutation
31.
32.
33.
34.
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36.
37.
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60.
b
Myelin
b
Bipolar neuron
a
Animals
c
Dendrites
a
Potassium ions
d
Ion channels
d
Axoplasm
c
Myelin
c
Injury: PNS
c
Axoplasmic transport
b
Glia
c
Postsynaptic potential
d
Consciousness
d
Saltatory
c
Membrane potential
a
Depolarization
c
Split-brain
d
Multipolar
a
Monism
b
Mutation
a
Generalizations
a
Sodium
c
Selective advantage
c
Helmholtz
d
Charge
True
False
True
True
True