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Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide: Chapter 2 (Second Half) – The Brain Vocab Term Definition of Term Example Hypothalamus Neural structure below the thalamus; directs several maitnance activities (eating, drinking), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions’ rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them. N/A Cerebral Cortex Glial cells (glia) Frontal Lobes Parietal Lobes Occipital Lobes Temporal Lobes Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Association areas Plasticity Corpus Callosum Split brain N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Don’t forget to know Sperry and Gazzaniga’s split-brain studies (HE.ART) Phineas Gage Left handedness