the Report - The Lasker Foundation
... examination due to the presence of at least one amblyopia risk factor early in life. These risk factors include deprivation (induced by congenital cataract or ptosis, for example), manifest strabismus of any type (esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia), or anisometropia (asymmetric refractive error) of ...
... examination due to the presence of at least one amblyopia risk factor early in life. These risk factors include deprivation (induced by congenital cataract or ptosis, for example), manifest strabismus of any type (esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia), or anisometropia (asymmetric refractive error) of ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... 2005, Vogt & Gabriel 1993), who separated it into four subdivisions: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; very rostral 24, 32, 25 in nonhuman primates), the midcingulate cortex (MCC; middle and caudal 24), the PCC (23 and 31), and the retrosplenial cortex (29 and 30). The dACC, as the term is general ...
... 2005, Vogt & Gabriel 1993), who separated it into four subdivisions: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; very rostral 24, 32, 25 in nonhuman primates), the midcingulate cortex (MCC; middle and caudal 24), the PCC (23 and 31), and the retrosplenial cortex (29 and 30). The dACC, as the term is general ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are taken between stimuli with different reward value. The approach taken here is to consider together, side-by-side, the primate neuronal recording and the human functional magnetic resonance i ...
... pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are taken between stimuli with different reward value. The approach taken here is to consider together, side-by-side, the primate neuronal recording and the human functional magnetic resonance i ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... which reflect the work of a consummate neuroanatomist recorded with state of the art technology. Thus, it was the idea to combine the teaching of the “new” functional-anatomical concepts in juxtaposition with classical demonstrations of human brain organization, as revealed by gross dissection, and ...
... which reflect the work of a consummate neuroanatomist recorded with state of the art technology. Thus, it was the idea to combine the teaching of the “new” functional-anatomical concepts in juxtaposition with classical demonstrations of human brain organization, as revealed by gross dissection, and ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... deprived eye, 7 represents visual responsiveness to only the nondeprived eye, 4 is equal strength of response to monocular stimulation of the two eyes, and 2, 3, 5, and 6 are intermediate categories. The amount of shift in ocular dominance induced by MD for a population of neurons is referred to as ...
... deprived eye, 7 represents visual responsiveness to only the nondeprived eye, 4 is equal strength of response to monocular stimulation of the two eyes, and 2, 3, 5, and 6 are intermediate categories. The amount of shift in ocular dominance induced by MD for a population of neurons is referred to as ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. The stimulus which elicits a synesthetic experience is called the inducer, the additional sensations are called concurrents, and various forms of syn ...
... Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. The stimulus which elicits a synesthetic experience is called the inducer, the additional sensations are called concurrents, and various forms of syn ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... several basic findings. The neurons of the cellular layer, the principal cells of the cortex, have dendritic trees which are densely spiny and ramify in the molecular and subcellular layers. The sparse cells of the molecular or subcellular layers may have either spiny and spineless dendrites. Perhap ...
... several basic findings. The neurons of the cellular layer, the principal cells of the cortex, have dendritic trees which are densely spiny and ramify in the molecular and subcellular layers. The sparse cells of the molecular or subcellular layers may have either spiny and spineless dendrites. Perhap ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... block in 19785. In those, he notes the absence of an intersection between the vertical and horizontal meridians in V1. He also notes the presence of signals in V4 that cannot be traced to V1. His epilogue in that book should not be overlooked. His new paradigm still suffers from the lack of a viable ...
... block in 19785. In those, he notes the absence of an intersection between the vertical and horizontal meridians in V1. He also notes the presence of signals in V4 that cannot be traced to V1. His epilogue in that book should not be overlooked. His new paradigm still suffers from the lack of a viable ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... clarify the conditions under which gamma-band components of the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when they are both recorded within the same paradigm by which prev ...
... clarify the conditions under which gamma-band components of the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when they are both recorded within the same paradigm by which prev ...
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Posterior Cerebral Artery in Three
... of the studied specimens it had a superior convexity curvature, ranging between 5 mm dorsal to the border of the parahippocampus in 27 hemispheres (39%) and 3 mm in 22 hemispheres (31%). Because of its topography and anatomic relationships, the P2 segment is considered a complex segment to be approa ...
... of the studied specimens it had a superior convexity curvature, ranging between 5 mm dorsal to the border of the parahippocampus in 27 hemispheres (39%) and 3 mm in 22 hemispheres (31%). Because of its topography and anatomic relationships, the P2 segment is considered a complex segment to be approa ...
THE VISUAL CLAUSTRUM OF THE CAT I. Structure and Connections`
... the cat was resuscitated (in all cases, it remained deeply anesthetized for several hours after recovery from paralysis) and allowed to survive for from 1 to 7 days. It was then re-anesthetized and perfused through the left ventricle with 4% paraformaldehyde or with 10% formolsaline. Blocks of brain ...
... the cat was resuscitated (in all cases, it remained deeply anesthetized for several hours after recovery from paralysis) and allowed to survive for from 1 to 7 days. It was then re-anesthetized and perfused through the left ventricle with 4% paraformaldehyde or with 10% formolsaline. Blocks of brain ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008c, 2012a). The fundamental advantage of this separation of ‘what’ processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face ...
... of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008c, 2012a). The fundamental advantage of this separation of ‘what’ processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... visual areas selective for objects (Grill-Spector et al. 1999), motion (Huk and Heeger 2002; Huk et al. 2001), color (Engel and Furmanski 2001), and shape (Kourtzi and Kanwisher 2001). It relies on a comparison of the fMRI response to stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of inter ...
... visual areas selective for objects (Grill-Spector et al. 1999), motion (Huk and Heeger 2002; Huk et al. 2001), color (Engel and Furmanski 2001), and shape (Kourtzi and Kanwisher 2001). It relies on a comparison of the fMRI response to stimuli under two conditions, one in which the attribute of inter ...
Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate
... (Hubel and Wiesel 1959, 1968; Girman et al. 1999; Ibbotson and Mark 2003; Van Hooser et al. 2005). Neurons in primary visual cortex of some mammals exhibit selectivity for stimulus direction of motion or simply direction selectivity, which indicates that the cell exhibits a preferential response to ...
... (Hubel and Wiesel 1959, 1968; Girman et al. 1999; Ibbotson and Mark 2003; Van Hooser et al. 2005). Neurons in primary visual cortex of some mammals exhibit selectivity for stimulus direction of motion or simply direction selectivity, which indicates that the cell exhibits a preferential response to ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... I gratefully thank Dr. Elizabeth Quinlan for offering me the opportunity to come here to pursue my Ph.D., for patiently guiding me through each step, and for making this process a joyful challenge. I sincerely thank my committee members: Dr. William Hodos, Dr. Catherine Carr, Dr Hey-Kyoung Lee and D ...
... I gratefully thank Dr. Elizabeth Quinlan for offering me the opportunity to come here to pursue my Ph.D., for patiently guiding me through each step, and for making this process a joyful challenge. I sincerely thank my committee members: Dr. William Hodos, Dr. Catherine Carr, Dr Hey-Kyoung Lee and D ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
... et al. (1999a, b) included photographs that are similar to those in our Figs 1, 3 and 8L as part of their composite Fig. 1 (Witelson et al., 1999b, p. 2150), but identified very few sulci on these images. As far as we know, this is the first publication of the other photographs reproduced in this ar ...
... et al. (1999a, b) included photographs that are similar to those in our Figs 1, 3 and 8L as part of their composite Fig. 1 (Witelson et al., 1999b, p. 2150), but identified very few sulci on these images. As far as we know, this is the first publication of the other photographs reproduced in this ar ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
... et al. (1999a, b) included photographs that are similar to those in our Figs 1, 3 and 8L as part of their composite Fig. 1 (Witelson et al., 1999b, p. 2150), but identified very few sulci on these images. As far as we know, this is the first publication of the other photographs reproduced in this ar ...
... et al. (1999a, b) included photographs that are similar to those in our Figs 1, 3 and 8L as part of their composite Fig. 1 (Witelson et al., 1999b, p. 2150), but identified very few sulci on these images. As far as we know, this is the first publication of the other photographs reproduced in this ar ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing response enhancement for stimuli overlapping with the attentional target stimulus. These findings demonstrate that top-down control restructures cortical activity to sensory inputs across distant cortical sites on a rapid time scale. At ...
... Selective synchronization and selective attentional processing response enhancement for stimuli overlapping with the attentional target stimulus. These findings demonstrate that top-down control restructures cortical activity to sensory inputs across distant cortical sites on a rapid time scale. At ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
download file
... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... between the two areas or even stronger in the ITC than the PFC. Alternatively, the PFC may play a more active role in categorization. One model of visual recognition (Riesenhuber and Poggio, 2000) suggests that the PFC further enhances the behaviorally relevant aspects of the information that it rec ...
... between the two areas or even stronger in the ITC than the PFC. Alternatively, the PFC may play a more active role in categorization. One model of visual recognition (Riesenhuber and Poggio, 2000) suggests that the PFC further enhances the behaviorally relevant aspects of the information that it rec ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... organized according to their orientation preference; i.e., neurons that respond most strongly to a certain orientation are most likely to be clustered with neighboring neurons that have a similar preferred orientation. Since then, it has been shown that neurons in the medial temporal cortex (MT) are ...
... organized according to their orientation preference; i.e., neurons that respond most strongly to a certain orientation are most likely to be clustered with neighboring neurons that have a similar preferred orientation. Since then, it has been shown that neurons in the medial temporal cortex (MT) are ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.