MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... The eye rotates around three axis, two of them are horizontal and one is vertical, the zaxis. The one horizontal axis, the x-axis, is ventral-dorsal and the other one, the y-axis is medial-lateral. The eye is rotated by six muscles in three pairs, one pair for horizontal movements only (the medial r ...
... The eye rotates around three axis, two of them are horizontal and one is vertical, the zaxis. The one horizontal axis, the x-axis, is ventral-dorsal and the other one, the y-axis is medial-lateral. The eye is rotated by six muscles in three pairs, one pair for horizontal movements only (the medial r ...
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... aphasia and are thought to signal impairment in retrieval of phonological form information. We performed a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis of 1718 phonological naming errors collected from 106 individuals with diverse profiles of aphasia. Voxels in which lesion status correlated with pho ...
... aphasia and are thought to signal impairment in retrieval of phonological form information. We performed a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis of 1718 phonological naming errors collected from 106 individuals with diverse profiles of aphasia. Voxels in which lesion status correlated with pho ...
Complete Pattern of Ocular Dominance Columns in Human Primary
... from six subjects of European descent with a history of monocular visual loss. They were patients of one of the authors (J.C.H.). Each patient, or surviving next-of-kin, provided written permission for postmortem histological examination, following a protocol approved by an Institutional Review Boar ...
... from six subjects of European descent with a history of monocular visual loss. They were patients of one of the authors (J.C.H.). Each patient, or surviving next-of-kin, provided written permission for postmortem histological examination, following a protocol approved by an Institutional Review Boar ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus that included BF projection fibers. They showed enhanced ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduce ...
... cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus that included BF projection fibers. They showed enhanced ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduce ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... A detailed knowledge of the timing, sequence, and magnitude of synaptogenesis is essential for an understanding of the rules and mechanisms involved in the structural and functional development of the cerebral cortex. This information should provide a basis for the interpretation ofexperimental mani ...
... A detailed knowledge of the timing, sequence, and magnitude of synaptogenesis is essential for an understanding of the rules and mechanisms involved in the structural and functional development of the cerebral cortex. This information should provide a basis for the interpretation ofexperimental mani ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
Neural systems for guilt from actions affecting self versus others
... that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emotion, social cognition research has uncovered the neural systems associated with empathy or adopting the thoughts, feelings, and emotions of ...
... that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emotion, social cognition research has uncovered the neural systems associated with empathy or adopting the thoughts, feelings, and emotions of ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... performing expansion recoding (Marr, 1969). In the cerebellum, however, the granule cells are postsynaptic to the axons that are called (there) mossy fibers, and the huge cerebellar expansion factor from mossy fibers to granule cells is not observed in the hippocampus, where the striking element, in ...
... performing expansion recoding (Marr, 1969). In the cerebellum, however, the granule cells are postsynaptic to the axons that are called (there) mossy fibers, and the huge cerebellar expansion factor from mossy fibers to granule cells is not observed in the hippocampus, where the striking element, in ...
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... It interconnects portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Its arching course over the corpus callosum resembles the palm of an open hand with fingertips wrapping beneath the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Superior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus: Whereas the cingulum wraps around the super ...
... It interconnects portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Its arching course over the corpus callosum resembles the palm of an open hand with fingertips wrapping beneath the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Superior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus: Whereas the cingulum wraps around the super ...
Alan Peters
... organization of thalamocortical projections. With S.L. Palay and H. deF. Webster, he co-authored three editions of the definitive text on the fine structure of the nervous system, and with E.G. Jones he created the authoritative series The Cerebral Cortex, which appeared in 14 volumes, 1984-1999. Mo ...
... organization of thalamocortical projections. With S.L. Palay and H. deF. Webster, he co-authored three editions of the definitive text on the fine structure of the nervous system, and with E.G. Jones he created the authoritative series The Cerebral Cortex, which appeared in 14 volumes, 1984-1999. Mo ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... by test stimuli presented at both adapted and unadapted locations within the RF. In MT, however, adaptation with a small stimulus affects only stimuli presented to the same spatial subregion of the RF. This suggests that changes in MT contrast sensitivity occur prior to the spatial integration of in ...
... by test stimuli presented at both adapted and unadapted locations within the RF. In MT, however, adaptation with a small stimulus affects only stimuli presented to the same spatial subregion of the RF. This suggests that changes in MT contrast sensitivity occur prior to the spatial integration of in ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... single-unit activity in two alert monkeys during the presentation of visual (drifting gratings) and tactile (low-pressure air puffs) stimuli. One stimulus was always positioned inside the receptive field of the neuron. The other stimulus was defined so as to manipulate the spatial and temporal dispa ...
... single-unit activity in two alert monkeys during the presentation of visual (drifting gratings) and tactile (low-pressure air puffs) stimuli. One stimulus was always positioned inside the receptive field of the neuron. The other stimulus was defined so as to manipulate the spatial and temporal dispa ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... cytoarchitectonic parcellations, such as the division of area 6 into 6acr, 6aB, and 6if (see Avendano and Rausell, 1988), and the need to find sufficient connections described in the literature that could be fitted into the parcellation scheme. Most connectional studies, for example, have not distin ...
... cytoarchitectonic parcellations, such as the division of area 6 into 6acr, 6aB, and 6if (see Avendano and Rausell, 1988), and the need to find sufficient connections described in the literature that could be fitted into the parcellation scheme. Most connectional studies, for example, have not distin ...
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... topographic gradient in PAF based on frequency. These neurons exhibit latencies that are twice as long as A1. In response to modulated tones and noise, PAF neurons adapt to repeated stimuli at significantly slower rates. Unlike A1, neurons in PAF rarely exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sound ...
... topographic gradient in PAF based on frequency. These neurons exhibit latencies that are twice as long as A1. In response to modulated tones and noise, PAF neurons adapt to repeated stimuli at significantly slower rates. Unlike A1, neurons in PAF rarely exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sound ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... principles persist when taking the backreaction into account or when considering map formation further from the pattern formation threshold? Besides the influence of the backreaction, the full dynamical system receives additional corrections. There are higher order corrections to the uncoupled ampli ...
... principles persist when taking the backreaction into account or when considering map formation further from the pattern formation threshold? Besides the influence of the backreaction, the full dynamical system receives additional corrections. There are higher order corrections to the uncoupled ampli ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions made on behalf of other people, with the goal of choosing what i ...
... which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions made on behalf of other people, with the goal of choosing what i ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
... down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... These data show that, while left- and right-superior-temporal regions may be differentially involved in processing pragmatic and lexico-semantic information within sentences, the leftinferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus is involved in processing all three types of linguistic information. We suggest that ...
... These data show that, while left- and right-superior-temporal regions may be differentially involved in processing pragmatic and lexico-semantic information within sentences, the leftinferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus is involved in processing all three types of linguistic information. We suggest that ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
Functional Neuronal Processing of Body Odors
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organizational principles of cortical ...
... hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organizational principles of cortical ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... Image processing and analysis. Image preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI) (Cox, 1996), FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999a), and Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) software packages. For each individual subject, the B0 fiel ...
... Image processing and analysis. Image preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI) (Cox, 1996), FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999a), and Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) software packages. For each individual subject, the B0 fiel ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.