Download BIOS 1300 SI EXAM 4 REVIEW –WORKSHEET 2 SI Leader: Merrin

BIOS 1300 SI
EXAM 4 REVIEW –WORKSHEET 2
SI Leader: Merrin Jeffries (email: [email protected])
23 November 2014
1. Schwann cells are glial cells responsible for:
a. producing a myelin layer around peripheral axons
b. secretion of CSF
c. phagocytic activities in the neural tissue of the PNS
d. surrounding nerve axons with myelin in the CNS
2. At an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together at:
a. gap junctions
b. synaptic vesicles
c. myelinated axons
d. neuromuscular junctions
3. The effect of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the:
a. nature of the neurotransmitter
b. properties of the receptor
c. number of synaptic vesicles
d. width of the synaptic cleft
e. both b and c
4. The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is:
a. -85 mV
b. -60 mV
c. -70 mV
d. – 0 mV
5. Efferent pathways consist of axons that carry impulses:
a. from the brain and ending in the spinal cord
b. from the spinal cord and ending in the brain
c. from the PNS to the brain or spinal cord
d. from the brain or spinal cord to the PNS
6. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a:
a. depolarization produced by the effect of a neurotransmitter
b. transient hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
c. repolarization produced by the addition of multiple stimuli
d. reflection of the activation of an opposing transmembrane potential
8. Compounds that have an indirect effect on membrane potential work through intermediaries known as:
a. second messengers
b. neurotransmitters
c. first messengers
d. neuromodulators
9. The two most important factors that determine the rate of action potential conduction are:
a. the number of neurons and the length of their axons
b. the strength of the stimulus and the rate at which the stimulus is applied
c. the presence or absence of myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon
d. a, b, c, are correct
10. The larger the diameter of the axon:
a. the slower an action potential will be conducted
b. the greater the number of action potentials
c. the faster an action potential will be conducted
d. the less effect it will have on action potential conduction
11. Sensory neurons that provide information about the external environment through the sense of sight, smell,
hearing, and touch are called:
a. proprioceptors
b. exteroceptors
c. interoceptors
12. If one EPSP depolarizes the initial segment from a resting potential of -70mV to -65mV, and threshold is at 60mV:
a. a spatial summation will occur
b. an IPSP will occur
c. an action potential will not be generated
d. an action potential will be generated
13. Type C fibers action potentials are conducted at speeds of approximately:
a. 2 mph
b. 40 mph
c. 150 mph
d. 500 mph
14. During the relative refractory period a larger-than-normal depolarizing stimulus can:
a. initiate a second action potential
b. cause the membrane production to hyperpolarize
c. inhibit the production of an action potential
15. The meninges that is firmly bound to neural tissue and deep to the other meninges is the:
a. pia mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. dura mater
16. The brachial plexus innervates the:
a. neck and shoulder girdle
b. shoulder girdle and arm
c. neck and arm
d. thorax and arm
17. The white matter of the spinal cord contains:
a. cell bodies of neurons and glial cells
b. somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
c. large numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons
d. sensory and motor nuclei
18. If cerebrospinal fluid was withdrawn during a spinal tap, a needle would be inserted into the:
a. subdural space
b. subarachnoid space
c. epidural space
19. The C5 nerve is a(n):
a. spinal nerve
b. cranial nerve
c. peripheral nerve
d. interneuron
20. The anterior horns in the gray matter of the spinal cord contain:
a. ascending and descending tracts
b. anterior and posterior columns
c. somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
d. somatic and visceral motor nuclei
21. Which type of neuron is the least abundant in the entire body?
a. sensory neuron
b. motor neurons
c. interneurons
22. The axons in the white matter of the spinal cord that carry motor information leaving the brain are organized
into:
a. descending tracts
b. anterior white columns
c. ascending tracts
d. posterior white columns
23. The final step involved in a neural reflex is:
a. the activation of a motor neuron
b. a response by an effector
c. the activation of a sensory neuron
24. A professional skier makes a rapid, automatic adjustment in body position while racing is an example of a (an):
a. innate reflex
b. cranial reflex
c. patellar reflex
d. acquired reflex
25. The cauda equina is a complex contained in the vertebral column that includes:
a. the enlargements of the cervical and thoracic regions of the cord
b. the posterior and anterior median sulci
c. the coccygeal and denticulate ligaments
d. the filum terminale and the ventral and dorsal roots caudal to the conus medullaris
26. Unmyelinated fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscles in the body wall or limbs form the:
a. autonomic ganglion
b. gray ramus
c. white ramus
d. ramus communicans
27. When a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron, the reflex is called a (an):
a. polysynaptic reflex
b. innate reflex
c. acquired reflex
d. monosynaptic reflex
28. The sciatic nerve is a:
a. spinal nerve
b. cranial nerve
c. peripheral nerve
d. interneuron
29. Spinal nerves are classified as mixed nerves because they contain:
a. both sensory and motor fibers
b. both dorsal and ventral roots
c. white matter and gray matter
d. ascending and descending pathways
30. In the spinal cord the cerebrospinal fluid is found within the:
a. central canal and subarachnoid space
b. subarachnoid space and epidural space
c. central canal and epidural space
d. subdural space and epidural space
31. The white ramus is the branch of a spinal nerve that consists of:
a. myelinated postganglionic axons
b. unmyelinated preganglionic axons
c. unmyelinated postganglionic axons
d. myelinated preganglionic axons
32. The lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle through the:
a. septum pellucidum
b. interventricular foramen or foramen of Monro
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. mesencephalic aqueduct
e. lateral foramen
33. The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata are the:
a. inferior and superior peduncles
b. apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
c. thalamus and hypothalamus
d. cardiac and vasomotor centers
34. Even though almost completely separated, the two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a thick band of
white matter called the:
a. corpus callosum
b. corpora quadrigemina
c. infundibulum
d. intermediate mass
35. The seahorse-like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term
memories is the:
a. corpus callosum
b. amygdaloid body
c. hippocampus
d. cingulated gyrus
36. Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the:
a. hypothalamus
b. epithalamus
c. pineal gland
d. thalamus
37. Huge, highly branched Purkinje cells are found in the:
a. cranial nerves
b. pons
c. cerebellar cortex
d. cerebral cortex
38. Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the:
a. cerebellum
b. hypothalamus
c. pons
d. association fibers
39. The second pair of cranial nerves carries special sensory information responsible for the:
a. sense of hearing
b. sense of sight
c. sense of smell
d. sense of taste
40. The blood-brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, except in:
a. the pons and medulla
b. the thalamus and the midbrain
c. portions of the cerebellum and the cerebrum
d. portions of the hypothalamus and the choroid plexus
41. The hypothalamus produces and secretes these hormones:
a. ADH and oxytocin
b. adrenalin and growth hormone
c. estrogen and testosterone
d. prolactin and FSH
42. An individual with a damaged visual association area:
a. is incapable of receiving somatic sensory information
b. cannot read because he or she is blind
c. is red-green color blind and experiences glaucoma
d. can see letters clearly, but cannot recognize or interpret them
43. The CSF reaches the subarachnoid space via:
a. the subdural sinuses
b. choroid plexus
c. the apertures in the fourth ventricle
d. superior sagittal sinus
44. The series of elevated ridges that increase the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres and the number of
neurons in the cortical area are called:
a. sulci
b. fissures
c. gyri
d. a,b,c, are correct
Topic: The Brain and Cranial Nerves (primarily ch. 14-3)
1. The seahorse-like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term
memories is the:
a. corpus callosum
b. amygdaloid body
c. hippocampus
d. cingulated gyrus
Fill-In
1. Parkinson’s disease is associated with inadequate production of the neurotransmitter
__________________________________.
2. Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory information and sends motor commands to the
___________________________ side of the body.
3. The _________________________________ of the frontal lobe is the primary motor cortex.
4. In most people, Wernicke’s area is present only on the ______________ hemisphere.
5. The machine that monitors waves of brain activity is called the_____________________________________.
6. Rational, analytical objective thought occurs in the _____________________ hemisphere.
Short Answer:
1. What are the primary functions of the limbic system?
2. What symptoms would you expect to observe in an individual who has damage to the basal nuclei?
3. A patient suffers a head injury that damages her primary motor cortex. Where is this area located?
4. Which senses would be affected by damage to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum?
5. After suffering a stroke, a patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him, and he can
understand written messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain has been affected by
the stroke?
6. If symptoms characteristic of Parkinson disease appear, which part of the mesencephalon is inhibited from
secreting a neurotransmitter? Which neurotransmitter is it?
7. What are the principle functional differences between the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?