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Unit 1: Neuroscience 2.1.16 Vocab Quiz 1 Write the letter of the correct answer next to each definition. Bring it up to me when you finish. Part 2: The Nervous & Endocrine Systems ▪ Nervous System: body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system – consists of all nerve cells of peripheral nervous system and central nervous system ▪ Nerves: neural “cables” containing many axons ▪ connects nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs 3 types of neurons in the Nervous System: ▪ Sensory Neurons ▪ neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system Incoming ▪ Interneurons ▪ CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs Within ▪ Motor Neurons ▪ carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands Outgoing Nervous System Neurons Sensory Interneurons Motor Nervous system Peripheral Central (brain & spinal cord) ▪ Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ▪ sensory & motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body ▪ Central Nervous System (CNS) ▪ brain and spinal cord ▪ Central Nervous System ▪ Reflex ▪ a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus Brain Sensory neuron (incoming information) Muscle Skin receptors Motor neuron (outgoing information) Interneuron Spinal cord Nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) Somatic (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) ▪ Somatic Nervous System ▪ the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles ▪ Autonomic Nervous System ▪ the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart) Nervous system Peripheral Central (brain & spinal cord) Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Somatic (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) ▪ Sympathetic Nervous System ▪ division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations ▪ Parasympathetic Nervous System ▪ division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy ▪ Neural Networks Neurons in the brain connect with one another to form networks Inputs The brain learns by modifying certain connections in response to feedback ▪ interconnected neural cells ▪ with experience, networks can learn, as feedback Outputs strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results The Endocrine System ▪ Endocrine System ▪ the body’s “slow” chemical communication system ▪ a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream ▪ Hormones ▪ chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another ▪ Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] Glands ▪ a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys ▪ secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress ▪ Pituitary Gland ▪ under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands