Download Biology 12 Name: Nervous System Practice Exam Types of Neurons

Biology 12
Nervous System Practice Exam
Name:
Types of Neurons and Reflex Arcs
1. Identify the parts of the following motor neuron: dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin, node of
Ranvier, axon bulb (terminal) and draw an arrow to show the direction of nerve impulse.
2.
Describe the roles of the following
a. Myelin:
b.
Node of Ranvier:
PREPARED QUESTION
3.
Label the following reflex arc: Sense receptors, Sensory neuron, Interneurons, Motor neurons,
Effectors, Spinal cord, Dorsal root ganglion
4.
Describe the sequence of events in the excitatory pathway of the reflex arc above.
Describe the function of the inhibitory pathway (b) and the brain pathway (c).
5.
Label the following diagram.
6.
In the diagram, X indicates the
a) dendrite of an interneuron
b) cell body of the motor neuron
c) axon of a sensory neuron
d) dendrite of a motor neuron
7.
Neurons which carry nerve impulses toward the central nervous system are called
a) inter neurons
b) motor neurons
c) sensory neurons
d) sympathetic neurons
8.
In the diagram, X indicates
a) Cell body of motor neuron
b) Cell body of interneuron
c) Cell body of sensory neuron
d) Axon of sensory neuron
9.
A collection of cell bodies in the location labeled as X is called
a) Ventral root
b) Dorsal root ganglion
c) Spinal cord
d) Medulla oblongata
W
10. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what is structure X?
a) dendrite
b) synapse
c) cell body
d) axon
11. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse,
what is structure Y?
a) dendrite
b) synapse
c) cell body
d) axon
12. Considering the direction of the nerve impulse, what type of cell is the second neuron?
a) sensory neuron
b) motor neuron
c) interneuron
d) schwaan cell
Action Potential and Nerve Impulse
13. Explain the transmission of a nerve impulse through a neuron, using the following terms:
Term
Description
Resting potential
Action potential
Depolarization (upswing)
Repolarization (downswing)
Recovery period
14. What is the role of myelin in a myelinated nerve?
15. Name and describe the events at each stage of the graph below
16. Explain how a nerve impulse (action potential) is transmitted along a neuron.
17. In the diagram of a nerve impulse above, the area from 5-6 milliseconds would represent
a) sodium gates opening and sodium ions leaving the neuron cytoplasm
b) sodium gates opening and sodium ions entering the neuron cytoplasm
c) potassium gates opening and potassium ions leaving the neuron cytoplasm
d) active transport of sodium and potassium ions
18. The diagram shows part of a dendrite. A role of structure X is to
a) Secrete the myelin sheath.
b) Identify the cell to phagocytes.
c) Move sodium across the membrane.
d) Release calcium at the synaptic ending.
19. If potassium ions could not diffuse out of the axon, which of the following would result?
a) Repolarization would not occur.
b) A neurotransmitter would be released.
c) The length of the recovery phase would be reduced.
d) The frequency of action potentials would be increased.
20. Why can an impulse traveling along an axon not reverse its direction?
a) The myelin sheath will only permit one-way travel of an impulse.
b) Sodium gates remain closed until the impulse reaches the synapse.
c) The threshold required to create an action potential behind the impulse is increased.
d) The sodium-potassium pump has not restored the resting potential immediately behind the action
potential.
21. Use the graph below, how many action potentials have been generated in this this neuron?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
22. If X is an interneuron, Y must be?
a) effector
b) sensory neuron
c) motor neuron
d) myelin
Nerve impulse
Synapse
23. Draw and identify the major components of a Synapse including pre-synaptic membrane, vesicle with
EXCITATORY neurotransmitter, synapse, re-uptake transporters, receptor sites and post synaptic
membrane. (THIS IS A GOOD CHOICE FOR SHORTANSWER)
24. Explain the process by which impulses are transmitted across a Synapse. Include the role of excitatory
and inhibitory neurotransmitters and how neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft.
(THIS IS A GOOD CHOICE FOR SHORT ANSWER)
25. Explain why neurons carry an impulse (action potential) in only one direction.
26. To which other neuron(s) would the action potential be passed if neuron 2 were stimulated at point X?
a) 1 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3
d) neither 1 nor 3
27. How does the molecule indicated by X move across the cleft?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Osmosis.
Diffusion.
Active transport.
Facilitated transport.
Drug Effects
28. Summarize the effects of alcohol on the brain and synapse by describing the effects on glutamate and
GABA: (5 marks)
29. BONUS: Summarize the effects of a second drug (4 marks)
 Cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, heroin, LSD or marijuana
Divisions of the nervous system
30. Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. (4 marks)
Nervous System
Components
Types of neurons
Central
Peripheral
31. Differentiate between the functions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the
Autonomic Nervous System. (4 marks)
Autonomic Nervous
Functions
System Divisions
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
32. Identify the source gland for adrenalin (epinephrine) and explain its role in the "fight or flight"
response. (3 marks)
33.
A drug was observed to have the following effects:
 accelerated heart rate
 dilation of pupils
 reduced peristalsis
The nervous system affected by this drug is the
a) central
b) somatic
c) peripheral
d) sympathetic
34.
How does a nerve impulse travelling through the sympathetic nervous system have an excitatory
effect on the heart as well as an inhibitory effect on the digestive system? (2 marks)
35.
Describe the difference between acute and chronic stress. (2 marks)
36.
What is the neuroendocrine system? Name 2 sex hormones released from the anterior pituitary
gland. (3 marks)