* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN - the human Central Nervous
Resting potential wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Action potential wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Neuromuscular junction wikipedia , lookup
Patch clamp wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Multielectrode array wikipedia , lookup
Subventricular zone wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Node of Ranvier wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Apical dendrite wikipedia , lookup
Nonsynaptic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN - the human Central Nervous System (CNS) weighs approximately __ pounds; largest existing brain is approximately __ lbs (sperm whale) - there are approximately ___________ neurons in the CNS; that’s 100 000 000 000 !!!!!!! - each of these neurons makes between _________ ____________ connections with other neurons - number of connections in the cortex alone has been estimated to ____________ - the size of a neuron varies from _____________ ________________________ - length of one of the longest axon known: ______ (from giraffe’s toe to neck) - conduction of action potential varies, in different axons, from ______________ Chap. 3- 1 NEURON (biological psych definition): _______________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ PARTS OF A NEURON: NEURON 1. _________________________________ 2. _______________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________ 5. _______________________ 6. __________________________ 7. ______________________ 4 } } 1 5 3 7 6 2 Chap. 3- 3 Golgi stain Golgi stain Nissl stain Chap. 3- 4 TYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure): 1. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ dendrites AP = where Action Potential is created impulse axon AP 2. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ dendrite AP impulse axon 3. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ axon dendrites AP impulse Chap. 3- 5 TYPES OF NEURONS (according to function): 1. SENSORY NEURONS: _________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2. MOTOR NEURONS: __________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3. INTERNEURONS or INTRINSIC NEURONS:_____ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Chap. 3- 6 Chap. 3- 7 NEURAL COMMUNICATION THE SYNAPSE: _________________________________ _______________________________________________ FUN FACTS ABOUT SYNAPSES (<Gk. “to join together”) 1. A synapse occurs _______________________________ _________________________. 2. Types of synapses based on structure: dendrites (a.) ___________ (b.) ___________ (c.) ___________ soma axon presynaptic terminals 3. Types of synapses based on neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptor Examples: Excitatory synapses - __________ - __________ Inhibitory synapses - __________ - __________ Modulatory synapses - __________ Chap. 3- 8 4. Relational terms: pre-synaptic vs. post-synaptic 5. Gross anatomy of the synapse: (a.) ________ (h.) ______________ (b.) __________________ (c.) ____________________ (d.) _________________________ (e.) __________________ (f.) __________________________ (g.) _________________________ Neuron A impulse Neuron B a b c d e f g h Chap. 3- 9 PARTS OF A NEURON : 1. BASIC CELLULAR COMPONENTS a. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” of the neurons; b. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin” Dendrite: Cell extension that collects information from other cells Dendritic spine: Small protrusions on dendrites phat increase surface area Nucleus: Central structure containing the chromosome and genes Nuclear membrane: Membrane surrounding the nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum: Folded layers of membrane where proteins are assembled Golgi body or apparatus: membranous structure that packages protein molecules for transport Mitochondria : Structure that gathers, stores, and releases energy Intracellular fluid: Fluid in which the cell’s internal structures are suspended Microtubules: Tiny tubes that transport molecules and help give the cell its shape Cell membrane: Membrane surrounding the cell Microfilaments: Lysosomes: Sacs threadlike fibers containing enzymes making up much of that break down wastes the cell’s “skeleton” Axon: Extension that transmits information from cell body to other cells Chap. 3-10 EXAMPLES OF WHAT CHROMOSOMES (DNA) CONTROL: 1. _____________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________ 6. _____________________________________________ 7. _____________________________________________ 8. _____________________________________________ Chap. 3-11 SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM = ______ 1. Oligodendrocytes : ______________________ _________________________________________ 2. Schwann cells : _________________________ _________________________________________ 3. Astrocytes : _____________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 4. Microglia : ______________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 5. Ependymal cells: _________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ Chap. 3-12 Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells Chap. 3-13 Examples of astrocytes in the brain: Brain photo Cartoon reconstruction Chap. 3-14