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Nervous System
Agriculture, Food, and, Natural
Resource Standards Addressed

AS.01.01. Evaluate the development and
implications of animal origin,
domestication and distribution on
production practices and the environment.

AS.01.01.02.a. Research and summarize
major components of animal systems.
Nervous System
Detects and processes
information and formulates
responses; coordinates and
controls all bodily activity.
Nervous System
The nervous system sends
and receives impulses
Nervous System
Impulses
- electrical signals that travel
though the nervous system
and provide information to
the brain.
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons
– carry impulses towards the
brain and spinal cord.
Types of Neurons
Connecting Neurons
– carry impulses from one
neuron to another.
Types of Neurons
Motor Neurons
– carry impulses away from the
brain and spinal cord to the
body.
Cell body
(soma)
Dendrite
Myelin
sheath
Axon
Synapse
Parts of a Neuron
Cell Body
- often called the soma
- contains the cell nucleus
Parts of a Neuron
Dendrite
- branch-like
- receives impulses
Parts of a Neuron
Axon
- sends impulses away from
the cell
Parts of a Neuron
Synapse
- space in between neurons
Parts of a Neuron
Synapse
- contains a chemical
substance called a
neurotransmitter that helps
impulses travel
Parts of a Neuron
Myelin
- protective sheath around
the neuron
Central Nervous System
– consists of:
brain
spinal cord
Meninges
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Spinal
cord
Hypothalamus Pituitary Brain
gland
stem
Medulla
oblongata
Central Nervous System
Brain
– major organ of the nervous
system.
Central Nervous System
Meninges
– three-layered protective
covering of the brain.
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
– largest part of the brain
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
- has four lobes that receive and
store information and are
responsible for giving signals
for voluntary movement.
Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
– coordinates all movement,
muscle activity, and balance.
Central Nervous System
Brainstem
– connects the brain to the
spinal cord and contains the
medulla oblongata.
Central Nervous System
Medulla oblongata
- dictates all life functions
including: heart rate,
breathing, and reflex actions.
Central Nervous System
Thalamus
– a central relay system for all
nerve impulses except smell
Central Nervous System
Thalamus
- receives the impulses and then
directs them to the proper part
of the brain.
Central Nervous System
Hypothalamus
– serves as a link between the
nervous system and the
endocrine system.
Central Nervous System
Pituitary gland
– secretes hormones important
for reproduction and growth.
Spinal Cord
– pathway for all impulses going
to and from the brain.
Spinal Cord
–
connects to the medulla
oblongata
Peripheral Nervous System
– consists of nerves that relay
information to and from the
spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
–Responsible for emergency
and stress responses:
“fight or flight”
Peripheral Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous
System
- Seeks to maintain and restore
normal body function, often
called Homeostasis
Peripheral Nervous System
Homeostasis
- a state of balance of the
physiologic systems within the
body.