Download Day 4 - Scott County Schools

Lesson 20.1: True or False
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
1. _______ A single neuron may have thousands of dendrites.
2. _______ The cerebellum controls conscious functions such as thinking and speaking.
3. _______ The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are identical to each other.
4. _______ The peripheral nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue in the body
except for the brain.
5. _______ The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body
for emergencies.
6. _______ Seizures in epilepsy are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
7. _______ All psychoactive drugs are illegal drugs.
Lesson 20.1: Critical Reading
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Read this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.
The structure of a neuron suits it for its function of transmitting nerve impulses. It has a special
shape that lets it pass electrical signals to and from other cells. A neuron has three main parts:
cell body, dendrites, and axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles that
carry out basic cellular processes. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells. A single
neuron may have thousands of dendrites. The axon passes on the nerve impulses to other
cells. It branches at the end into multiple nerve endings so it can transmit impulses to many
other cells.
The nerve endings of an axon don’t actually touch the dendrites of other neurons. Nerve
impulses must cross a tiny gap between the two neurons, called the synapse. Chemicals called
neurotransmitters carry impulses across the synapse. When a nerve impulse arrives at the end
of an axon, neurotransmitters are released. They travel across the synapse to a dendrite of
another neuron. The neurotransmitters bind to the membrane of the dendrite, triggering a nerve
impulse in the next neuron.
There are three basic types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. All
three types must work together to receive and respond to information. Sensory neurons transmit
nerve impulses from sense organs and internal organs to the brain via the spinal cord. In other
words, they carry information about the inside and outside environment to the brain. Motor
neurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain via the spinal cord to internal organs, glands,
and muscles. In other words, they carry information from the brain to the body, telling the body
how to respond. Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor
neurons.
Questions
1. Identify the parts of a neuron and their functions.
2. Explain how nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another.
3. Compare and contrast the three basic types of neurons.
Lesson 20.1: Multiple Choice
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Circle the letter of the correct choice.
1. Functions of the human nervous system include
1. sensing the internal and external environments.
2. helping maintain homeostasis of the body.
3. preparing the body to fight or flee in emergencies.
4. all of the above
2. How do nerve impulses travel across a synapse?
1. They swim across through synaptic fluid.
2. They are carried across by special chemicals.
3. They jump across like an electric spark.
4. They move across through interneurons.
3. Which statement about the brain is false?
1. It is the most complex organ in the body.
2. It is the largest organ in the body.
3. It consists of billions of neurons.
4. It serves as the control center of the body.
4. Which part of the brain controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat?
1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. brain stem
4. temporal lobe
5. Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls only involuntary responses of the
body?
1. sensory division
2. motor division
3. somatic nervous system
4. autonomic nervous system
6. Central nervous system infections include
1. encephalitis.
2. epilepsy.
3. meningitis.
4. two of the above
7. Use of a drug without the advice of medical professionals and for reasons not originally
intended is referred to as
1. drug addiction.
2. drug overdose.
3. drug abuse.
4. none of the above
Lesson 20.1: Matching
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Match each definition with the correct term.
Definitions
1. _______ type of nerve cell that carries nerve impulses back and forth between sensory
and motor neurons
2. _______ largest part of the brain
3. _______ part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles
4. _______ part of the brain that controls coordination and balance
5. _______ part of a neuron that receives nerve impulses from other cells
6. _______ part of a neuron that passes on nerve impulses to other cells
7. _______ electrical message carried by neurons
Terms
1. axon
2. cerebellum
3. cell body
4. dendrite
5. nerve impulse
6. cerebrum
7. interneuron
Lesson 20.1: Fill in the Blank
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Fill in the blank with the appropriate term.
1. A(n) _____ is a bundle of nerve cells.
2. The most common type of brain injury is a(n) _____.
3. Nerve cells that carry messages are known as _____.
4. To pass from one nerve cell to another, a nerve impulse must cross a tiny gap called
a(n) _____.
5. _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses from sense organs and internal organs to the
brain via the spinal cord.
6. _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain via the spinal cord to internal
organs, glands, and muscles.
7. Loss of sensation and the ability to move, often due to a spinal cord injury, is called
_____.
Lesson 20.1: Critical Writing
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and
complete sentences.
Identify the major parts of the brain, and summarize their functions.