Download FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN - the human Central Nervous

FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN
- the human Central Nervous System (CNS)
weighs approximately __ pounds; largest existing
brain is approximately __ lbs (sperm whale)
- there are approximately ___________ neurons
in the CNS; that’s 100 000 000 000 !!!!!!!
- each of these neurons makes between _________
____________ connections with other neurons
- number of connections in the cortex alone has
been estimated to ____________
- the size of a neuron varies from _____________
________________________
- length of one of the longest axon known: ______
(from giraffe’s toe to neck)
- conduction of action potential varies, in different
axons, from ______________
Chap. 3- 1
NEURON (biological psych definition): _______________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
PARTS OF A NEURON:
NEURON
1. _________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________
5. _______________________
6. __________________________
7. ______________________
4
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1
5
3
7
6
2
Chap. 3- 3
Golgi stain
Golgi stain
Nissl stain
Chap. 3- 4
TYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure):
1. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
dendrites
AP = where Action
Potential is created
impulse
axon
AP
2. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
AP
dendrite
impulse
axon
3. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
axon
dendrites
AP
impulse
Chap. 3- 5
TYPES OF NEURONS (according to function):
1. SENSORY NEURONS: _________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. MOTOR NEURONS: __________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. INTERNEURONS or INTRINSIC NEURONS:_____
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Chap. 3- 6
Chap. 3- 7
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
THE SYNAPSE: _________________________________
_______________________________________________
FUN FACTS ABOUT SYNAPSES (<Gk. “to join
together”)
1. A synapse occurs _______________________________
_________________________.
2. Types of synapses based on structure:
dendrites
(a.)
___________
(b.)
___________
(c.)
___________
soma
axon
presynaptic
terminals
3. Types of synapses based on neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptor
Examples:
Excitatory synapses - __________
- __________
Inhibitory synapses - __________
- __________
Modulatory synapses - __________
Chap. 3- 8
4. Relational terms: pre-synaptic vs. post-synaptic
5. Gross anatomy of the synapse:
(a.) ________
(h.) ______________
(b.) __________________
(c.) ____________________
(d.) _________________________
(e.) __________________
(f.) __________________________
(g.) _________________________
Neuron A
impulse
Neuron B
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Chap. 3- 9
PARTS OF A NEURON :
1. BASIC CELLULAR COMPONENTS a. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” of the neurons;
b. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin”
Dendrite: Cell extension
that collects information
from other cells
Dendritic spine: Small
protrusions on dendrites
phat increase surface area
Nucleus: Central structure containing
the chromosome and genes
Nuclear membrane: Membrane
surrounding the nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum: Folded
layers of membrane where
proteins are assembled
Golgi body or apparatus:
membranous structure
that packages protein
molecules for transport
Mitochondria : Structure that
gathers, stores, and releases energy
Intracellular fluid: Fluid in which the
cell’s internal structures are suspended
Microtubules: Tiny tubes that
transport molecules and
help give the cell its shape
Cell membrane: Membrane
surrounding the cell
Microfilaments:
Lysosomes: Sacs
threadlike fibers
containing enzymes
making up much of that break down wastes
the cell’s “skeleton”
Axon: Extension that
transmits information from
cell body to other cells
Chap. 3-10
EXAMPLES OF WHAT CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
CONTROL:
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________
Chap. 3-11
SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM = ______
1. Oligodendrocytes : ______________________
_________________________________________
2. Schwann cells : _________________________
_________________________________________
3. Astrocytes : _____________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
4. Microglia : ______________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. Ependymal cells: _________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Chap. 3-12
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells
Chap. 3-13
Examples of astrocytes in the brain:
Brain photo
Cartoon reconstruction
Chap. 3-14