* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Progress Report – Glover
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Subventricular zone wikipedia , lookup
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Neurotransmitter wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Endocannabinoid system wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neurogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Multielectrode array wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Biological neuron model wikipedia , lookup
Pre-Bötzinger complex wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Progress Report – Glover Neuroanatomical studies of the Oikopleura central nervous system The principal activites during the latest reporting period have been focused on obtaining a more complete characterization of the structure and neuronal composition of the caudal ganglion and caudal nerve cord and associated structures, and on establishing techniques for correlating gene expression and neuron identity. Progress in both areas has been good. Structure and neuronal composition of the central nervous system and associated structures Using a variety of approaches, PhD student Anne Mette Søviknes has made a comprehensive study of the motor system of Oikopleura. She has used in situ hybridization to locate and chart the development of neurons versus non-neuronal cells in the caudal ganglion and caudal nerve cord, and to identify and chart the development of the motoneuron subpopulation. Combined with histological studies of the outgrowth of motor axons and the innervation of muscle, this has led to the submission in 2006 of the article “Development of the caudal nerve cord, motoneurons and muscle innervation in the appendicularian urochordate Oikopleura dioica”, to The Journal of Comparative Neurology (the premiere neuroanatomical journal) where it is now in second review after revision. Together with our previously published article on the development of GABAergic neurons (Søviknes et al 2005), this work has established a solid anatomical description of two functionally important neuron populations constituting approximately one third of the caudal nervous system. Søviknes has also carried out a systematic assessment of neurogenesis in the entire central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experiments aimed at exploring the role of various genes in specifying neuron types. This work is now being written up for submission. In parallel with these observations on the genesis and anatomical organization of neurons, we have used the same techniques to follow the development of the notochord, arriving at the unexpected conclusion that notochord cells continue to be generated well after the structure has been established, in apparent contrast to what is seen in ascidians. This work is also now being written up for submission. To obtain better information about the fine structure and axonal organization of neurons in the central nervous system, we have also established a collaboration with the EM facility at the Department of Biology, University of Oslo, to examine serial reconstructions of the the two ganglia and the caudal nerve cord. This will be combined with axonal tracing using lipophilic dyes to assess axon projections. Establishing techniques for correlating gene expression and neuron identity With the anatomical mapping already in hand, it is feasible to begin asking questions about the genetic regulation of neuronal type specification. As a first step, it is important to determine which transcription factors are expressed in or near specific identified neurons. To this end, Søviknes has successfully worked out parameters for double in situ hybridization experiments, and used this approach to begin assessing the relationship between motoneurons, GABA-positive interneurons, and other neuron types and several transcription factors that, based on previous results from the Chourrout group, appear to be expressed in the locations where these neurons reside. The plan is to expand the study to a panel of 6-10 relevant transcription factors, thus providing a good spatial coverage of the central nervous system and a platform for a comprehensive correlative map of gene expression and neuronal differentiation. This will be of great valuable for future gene manipulation studies. Schematic overview of the organization of the somatic motor system in the appendicularian Oikopleura, the ascidian Halocynthia, and the cephalochordate amphioxus (from Søviknes et al, 200x). Cellular organization of the tail of Oikopleura revealed by nuclear and actin staining. The caudal ganglion (cg) and caudal nerve cord (nc) are seen running along the middle of the figure from left to right. Publications and manuscripts: Søviknes AM, Chourrout D, Glover JC (2005) Development of putative GABAergic neurons in the appendicularian urochordate Oikopleura dioica. J Comp Neurol 490:12-28. Søviknes AM, Chourrout D, Glover JC (2006) Development of the caudal nerve cord, motoneurons and muscle innervation in the appendicularian urochordate Oikopleura dioica (J Comp Neurol, in press). Glover JC and Fritzsch B (200x) The nervous systems of primitive chordates. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Elsevier (in press). Søviknes AM and Glover JC (200x) Temporal patterns of neurogenesis in the appendicularion urochordate Oikopleura dioica. (manuscript in preparation). Søviknes AM and Glover JC (200x) Protracted intercalation of cells into the notochord of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. (manuscript in preparation). CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Joel Glover Birth: 11 December 1956, USA Present position and title University of Oslo, Dept. of Physiology, Professor Sars International Centre, Adjunct professor Honors University of Oslo Strategic research Award, 1993 Vickers Lecturer, British Neonatal Society, London, 1995 University of Oslo Medical Student Association “Best Lecturer” Award, 1998 Education B.A. 1978 University of California, San Diego Biology Ph.D. 1984 University of California, Berkeley Neurobiology Research Experience 02.01 - University of Oslo, Dept. of Physiology Professor Neuroembryology 06.96-02.01 University of Oslo, Dept. of Anatomy Professor Neuroembryology 10.94-06.96 University of Oslo, Dept. of Anatomy Associate Professor Neuroembryology 03.87-10.94 University of Oslo, Dept. of Physiology Res. Assoc. Professor Neuroembryology 01.86-02.87 Washington University, St. Louis 02.84-12.85 University of Oslo Post Doc Fellow Neuroscience Post Doc Fellow Neuroembryology Collaborative networks 1. Coordinator, EU network “Brainstem Genetics” (Glover, Rijli, Goridis, Ericson, Champagnat, Briscoe) 2. HFSP network “Genetic dissection of neuronal circuits controlling left-right alternation in mammalian locomotion” (Kiehn, Glover, Goulding, Pearson). Evaluated as 4th best HFSP application (world-wide). 3. Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research (www.stemcell.no) Publications 1. Hoover, F., T. Gundersen, S. Ulven, J.-J. Michaille, S. Blanchet, R. Blomhoff and J. C. Glover (2001) Quantitative assessment of retinoid signaling pathways in the developing eye and retina of the chicken embryo J. Comp. Neurol. 436:324-335. 2. Ulven S. M., Gundersen T. E., Sakhi A.K., Glover J.C., Blomhoff R. (2001) Quantitative axial profiles of retinoic acid in the embryonic mouse spinal cord: 9-cis retinoic acid only detected after alltrans-retinoic acid levels are super-elevated experimentally. Dev Dyn. 222:341-353. 3. Glover J. C. (2001) Correlated patterns of neuron differentiation and Hox gene expression in the hindbrain: a comparative analysis. Brain Res Bull. 55:683-693. 4. Díaz, C. and J. C. Glover (2002) Comparative aspects of the hodological organization of the vestibular nuclear complex and related neuron populations. Brain Res. Bull. 57:307-312. 5. Stokke, M., Nissen, U. V., Glover, J.C. and Kiehn, O. (2002) Projection patterns of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 446:349-359. 6. Díaz, C., Glover, J. C., Puelles, L. and J. Bjaalie (2003) The relationship between hodological and cytoarchitectonic organization in the vestibular complex of the 11-day chicken embryo. J. Comp. Neurol. 457:87-105. 7. Nissen, U.V., Mochida, H. and J. C. Glover (2005) Development of projection-specific interneurons and projection neurons in the embryonic mouse and rat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol. 483:30-47. 8. Sigurjonsson OE, Perreault MC, Egeland T, Glover JC. (2005) Adult human hematopoietic stem cells produce neurons efficiently in the regenerating chicken embryo spinal cord. PNAS 102:5227-5232. 9. Fjeldheim Å, PI Høvring, OP Løseth, PW Johansen, JC Glover, Matre V, Olstad OK, Reppe S, Gordeladze JO, Walaas SI, Gautvik KM (2005). Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 and prothyrotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA expression in the central nervous system are regulated by suckling in lactating rats. Eur J Endocrinol. 152:791-803. 10. Søviknes A.M., Chourrout, D. and J.C. Glover (2005) The development of GABAimmunopositive neurons in the appendicularian urochordate Oikopleura dioica. J Comp Neurol. 490:12-28. 11. Perreault M-C, Bernier AP, Renaud J-S, Roux S and Glover JC (2006) TTC hybrid proteins evaluated for muscle-specific transynaptic mapping of spinal motor circuitry in the newborn mouse. Neuroscience 141:803-16. 12. Momose-Sato Y, Glover JC, Sato K. (2006) Development of functional synaptic connections in the auditory system visualized with optical recording: afferent-evoked activity is present from early stages. J Neurophysiol. 96:1949-1962. 13. Renaud J.S., Nordheim S., J.C. Glover (2006) Retinoic acid regulates an anteroposterior gradient of dorsoventral patterning in the developing hindbrain. Development (in press). 14. Glover J. C., Mochida H, Momose-Sato Y. and K. Sato (200x) Activity-independent emergence of a functional polysynaptic sensorimotor circuit in the embryonic brain stem (submitted, Science) 15. Díaz C, Pasqualetti M, Renaud JS, Rijli F and JC Glover (200x) Fate-mapping of vestibular neuron populations in the mouse embryo using rhombomere-specific Hoxa2 enhancer elements. (submitted, European Journal of Neuroscience). 16. Glover JC, Hansen K, Martinov V, Mochida H, and Rinde A (200x) Development of functional connections from oculomotor and trochlear motoneurons to their respective extraocular muscles in the chicken embryo. (submitted, J Neurobiol). 17. Nissen V, Glover JC and J Hounsgaard (200x) The anatomical organization of spinal interneurons and projection neurons in the turtle. (submitted, Journal of Comparative Neurology) 18. Søviknes AM and JC Glover (200x) The development of the caudal nerve cord of the appendicularian urochordate Oikopleura dioica. (in press, Journal of Comparative Neurology) Review articles, book chapters, conference proceedings (peer-reviewed) 19. Glover, J. C. (2001) Ny kunnskap om reparasjon av hjernen. Tids. Norsk Lægefor. 30:3519-3524. 20. Glover, J. C. (2002) Hindbrain. In: Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Academic Press. 21. Glover, J. C. (2003) The Vestibular System. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Elsevier. 22. Glover, J.C. (2003) The development of vestibulo-ocular circuitry in the chicken embryo. J Physiol Paris. 97:17-25. 23. Rijli F, Renaud JS and JC Glover (2006) Retinoic acid and hindbrain development J Neurobiol 66:705-725. 24. Fritsch F and JC Glover (2006) Organization of primitive verebrate nervous systems. In: Evolution of the nervous system, Elsevier (in press) PhD students and postdocs supervised (last 5 years) 2000 - 2001 2002 - 2006 2002 - 2006 2002 2002 - 2006 2002 2002 2005 – 2006 2005 – 2007 2006 2006 2006 Ulla Vig Nissen, Master’s student (Biology) Ulla Vig Nissen, Ph.D. student Jean-Sébastien Renaud, Ph.D. student Hiraku Mochida, postdoctoral fellow Olafur Sigurdjonsson, Ph.D. student Anne Mette Søviknes, Ph.D. student, Sars International Centre Marie-Claude Perreault, postdoctoral fellow Martin Speth, Master’s student (Biology) Nedim Kasumacic, Master’s student (Biology) Dorthe Belgardt, Ph.D. student Mrinal Joel, Ph.D. student Gabor Halasi, postdoctoral fellow