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PRACTICE QUIZ CHAPTER FIFTEEN 1. Which of the three papillae lacks taste buds? _________________________________________________ 2. The three cranial nerves that transmit gustatory impulses are the _________________, ________________, and __________________________. 3. All three nerves transmitting gustatory impulses travel through the ___________________ and is why gag and vomiting reflexes are triggered when we experiences something distasteful. 4. The primary gustatory area is located in which part of the brain? __________________________________ 5. In order for a substance to be detected by a taste bud, the substance must first be _____________________. 6. A taste bud is composed of three cell types. Name them. _________________, __________________, and ___________________________. 7. Which of the three cell types releases neurotransmitters? ________________________________________. 8. A human is able to distinguish five different tastes which include: _______________, ________________, ______________, ______________, and ________________. 9. The loss of taste sensation is called _________________________________________________________. 10. The main difference between gustatory receptor cells and olfactory receptor cells is that _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Nasal mucus is produced by ______________________________________________________________ 12. Olfactory neurons are frequently replaced because their lifespan is only about _________________ days. 13. Olfactory neurons synapse with mitral cells within complex structures called ______________________. 14. A bundle of mitral cell axons form _________________________ which extend from the olfactory bulbs. 15. Olfactory sensation reaches the brain via which cranial nerve? ____________________________________ 16. Brain disorders can distort the sense of smell so that olfactory hallucinations occur. Transient __________ _____________________ occur in some epileptics just before they have a seizure. 17. The corner of the eye next to the nose is called the ________________________________ and it possesses a fleshy elevation called the _________________________________________. 18. The muscle responsible for raising the eyelids is called the ________________________________muscle. 19. List in order the flow of tears from the lacrimal gland to the nasal cavity. ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________. 20. Name the three nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles. _________________, ________________, and ________________________________. 21. The dense connective tissue forming the “white” of the eye and is continuous with the dura mater of the brain is called ___________________________. 22. “Bloodshot eyes” are the result of dilation of blood vessels in the ________________________________. 23. Photoreceptors are located within the nervous coat also called the ________________________________. 24. The capillaries of the ciliary processes produce ______________________ which leaves the eye through the canals of ____________________________. 25. The hole in the center of the iris through which light passes is called the ___________________________. 26. The posterior chamber possesses a fluid made during embryonic development called _________________. 27. The vascular tunic of the eyeball is made of a highly vascularized, brown pigmented layer called the _________________________________. 28. At the posterior pole of the eye is an oval region called the ______________________________________. 29. The more numerous _____________________ are photoreceptors used for dim-light and peripheral vision. 30. The eye and olfactory epithelium possess specialized neurons that have only a single dendrite and an axon. This type of neuron is called ______________________________. 31. The cornea is avascular. It receives most of its nutrients from the __________________________ within the anterior chamber. 32. The bending of light rays by the lens is called ________________________________________________. 33. The scientific name for nearsightedness is __________________________ and it is the result of the eyeball being too ______________________________. 34. The scientific name for farsightedness is ___________________________ and it is the result of the eyeball being too _______________________________. 35. When fixating on close objects, our eyes _________________________. 36. The X-shaped structure at the base of the brain where visual images cross over to the opposite side of the brain is called the ________________________________________. 37. Which cranial nerve transmits sensory information from the eye? ________________________________ 38. When light levels are low, the pupils will ___________________________. This is regulated by the __________________________________ nervous system. 39. The external ear canal is lined with many modified sweat glands called ______________________ glands. These glands produce earwax. 40. The external auditory meatus and the middle ear are separated by the ____________________________. 41. The middle ear and the nasopharynx are connected by the ____________________________ tube which helps to regulate pressures within the ear. 42. The three ossicles in order are: _________________, _________________, and _________________. 43. Endolymph is a fluid that fills the ________________________________________________ labyrinth. 44. The three channels of the cochlea are the ____________________, the ____________________, and the ____________________________. 45. The _______________________________ membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani. 46. The _________________________________ membrane must contact the spiral organ of Corti to generate a nerve impulse. 47. Movements of the _____________________ of hair cells in the utricle and Saccule initiate depolarizing receptor potentials. 48. Semicircular canals are associated with ____________________________________________ equilibrium. 49. Ringing of the ears is called _______________________________________________________________. 50. An earache is called ____________________________________________________________________.