Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... zone (SVZ), the main postnatal source of olfactory bulb interneurons, also seems to give rise to some interneurons that populate forebrain structures other than the olfactory bulb, including the neocortex, caudoputamen nucleus, and nucleus accumbens (Inta et al., 2008). Intriguingly, some of the SVZ ...
... zone (SVZ), the main postnatal source of olfactory bulb interneurons, also seems to give rise to some interneurons that populate forebrain structures other than the olfactory bulb, including the neocortex, caudoputamen nucleus, and nucleus accumbens (Inta et al., 2008). Intriguingly, some of the SVZ ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic values in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (2, 3) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex ( ...
... Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic values in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (2, 3) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex ( ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... piriform cortex in response to stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. A: responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in layer Ia of the PC after stimulation of the LOT has a first negative p ...
... piriform cortex in response to stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. A: responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in layer Ia of the PC after stimulation of the LOT has a first negative p ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... contains hundreds of different receptors that work together to distinguish thousands of scents. When an odor molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers a pattern of electrical activity in the neuron. These patterns are the building blocks that allow smells to be recognized and if necessary, acted upo ...
... contains hundreds of different receptors that work together to distinguish thousands of scents. When an odor molecule binds to a receptor, it triggers a pattern of electrical activity in the neuron. These patterns are the building blocks that allow smells to be recognized and if necessary, acted upo ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Cholecystokinin Modulates Migration of
... PCR on single GnRH-1 cell. At three time points [4.5, 7, and 28 d in vitro (DIV)], single GnRH-1 cells (n ⫽ 3, 5, and 5, respectively) were isolated from nasal explants, cDNA was produced, and PCR was amplified as described previously (Kramer et al., 2000; Sharifi et al., 2002). All cDNA pools were ...
... PCR on single GnRH-1 cell. At three time points [4.5, 7, and 28 d in vitro (DIV)], single GnRH-1 cells (n ⫽ 3, 5, and 5, respectively) were isolated from nasal explants, cDNA was produced, and PCR was amplified as described previously (Kramer et al., 2000; Sharifi et al., 2002). All cDNA pools were ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... (Se´journe´ et al., 2011; Pai et al., 2013; Plac¸ais et al., 2013). However, the behavioral consequence of synaptic modification at these sites is unclear. Here we identify a small set of glutamatergic output neurons whose dendrites lie within the tip regions of the horizontal mushroom body lobes an ...
... (Se´journe´ et al., 2011; Pai et al., 2013; Plac¸ais et al., 2013). However, the behavioral consequence of synaptic modification at these sites is unclear. Here we identify a small set of glutamatergic output neurons whose dendrites lie within the tip regions of the horizontal mushroom body lobes an ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
ARTICLES - Test Page
... at 2 months of age and analyzed the longterm fate of the marked cells (Fig. 2). This analysis revealed a gradual increase in labeled cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Fig. 2c–h,j–o). Similarly, labeled periR26-CFP NeuN glomerular cells were increased in number (data not shown). ...
... at 2 months of age and analyzed the longterm fate of the marked cells (Fig. 2). This analysis revealed a gradual increase in labeled cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (Fig. 2c–h,j–o). Similarly, labeled periR26-CFP NeuN glomerular cells were increased in number (data not shown). ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... Studies of the brain mechanisms involved in smell and taste are revealing some of the brain processing relevant to understanding how the brain interprets different odors and tastes. Direct study of the brain activations produced by odor and taste may reveal effects that are not reported verbally. It ...
... Studies of the brain mechanisms involved in smell and taste are revealing some of the brain processing relevant to understanding how the brain interprets different odors and tastes. Direct study of the brain activations produced by odor and taste may reveal effects that are not reported verbally. It ...
Odorant Specificity of Single Olfactory Bulb Neurons to Amino Acids
... broad, with many stimuli having questionable biological significance, the olfactory system of fish responds to fewer odorants with a known behavioral context. Amino acids, which constitute a major class of biologically relevant odorant stimuli, are used as feeding cues by teleosts. Behavioral studie ...
... broad, with many stimuli having questionable biological significance, the olfactory system of fish responds to fewer odorants with a known behavioral context. Amino acids, which constitute a major class of biologically relevant odorant stimuli, are used as feeding cues by teleosts. Behavioral studie ...
REVIEW
... vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in pheromonal detection has received much attention recently, and is becoming the subject of intense scienti®c inquiry. In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be ...
... vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in pheromonal detection has received much attention recently, and is becoming the subject of intense scienti®c inquiry. In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be ...
I. MITRAL CELLS OF THE OLFACTORY BULB OF THE LIZARD S. Llahi,
... 1961) nor in the AOB of mammals (Lohman and Lammers, 1967) the mitral cell layer shows clearcut boundaries. Mitral cell layer of both olfactory areas are mainly composed of the large mitral cell bodies which, while in the MOB are arranged parallelly to the bulbar surface (Garcia Verdugo et al., 1986 ...
... 1961) nor in the AOB of mammals (Lohman and Lammers, 1967) the mitral cell layer shows clearcut boundaries. Mitral cell layer of both olfactory areas are mainly composed of the large mitral cell bodies which, while in the MOB are arranged parallelly to the bulbar surface (Garcia Verdugo et al., 1986 ...
Human nasal olfactory epithelium as a dynamic marker for CNS
... extracellular glutamate, which in the case of ALS leads to glutamatemediated motor neuron cell death (excitotoxicity), one pathway implicated in ALS pathogenesis (Rothstein et al., 1996; Rothstein et al., 1995). At the same time, manipulation of synaptic glutamate by altering transporter efficacy has ...
... extracellular glutamate, which in the case of ALS leads to glutamatemediated motor neuron cell death (excitotoxicity), one pathway implicated in ALS pathogenesis (Rothstein et al., 1996; Rothstein et al., 1995). At the same time, manipulation of synaptic glutamate by altering transporter efficacy has ...
Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior
... cohort of narrowly tuned mitral cells by odor mixtures is read out synaptically by neurons in higher-level olfactory structures, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), is mostly unknown. In the current study, we used intracellular and extracellular recordings to examine and compare responses ...
... cohort of narrowly tuned mitral cells by odor mixtures is read out synaptically by neurons in higher-level olfactory structures, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), is mostly unknown. In the current study, we used intracellular and extracellular recordings to examine and compare responses ...
supplemental figures
... with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F ...
... with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... that are available for this species offer unique opportunities for experiments that are currently not possible in other organisms. One important line of study in D. melanogaster has been how the chemosensory system of the fly converts information sampled from the outside world to representations in ...
... that are available for this species offer unique opportunities for experiments that are currently not possible in other organisms. One important line of study in D. melanogaster has been how the chemosensory system of the fly converts information sampled from the outside world to representations in ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... rest of the PNS. These two glial types share many similar morphological and functional characteristics but also exhibit key differences. The olfactory nerve is constantly turning over throughout life, which means OECs are continuously stimulating neural regeneration, whilst SCs only promote regenera ...
... rest of the PNS. These two glial types share many similar morphological and functional characteristics but also exhibit key differences. The olfactory nerve is constantly turning over throughout life, which means OECs are continuously stimulating neural regeneration, whilst SCs only promote regenera ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... the odor response of MB-V2 neurons was modified after conditioning. As the lateral horn has been implicated in innate responses to repellent odorants, we propose that MB-V2 neurons recruit the olfactory pathway involved in innate odor avoidance during memory retrieval. Different odors induce innate ...
... the odor response of MB-V2 neurons was modified after conditioning. As the lateral horn has been implicated in innate responses to repellent odorants, we propose that MB-V2 neurons recruit the olfactory pathway involved in innate odor avoidance during memory retrieval. Different odors induce innate ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... [26,51,52,53]. Both PCx and DCx are thus directly connected to associational networks, likely involved in controlling or modulating behavior. PCx and DCx are further interconnected with other cortical-like areas, which also receive parallel sensory afferents from the OB or the LGN respectively. For ...
... [26,51,52,53]. Both PCx and DCx are thus directly connected to associational networks, likely involved in controlling or modulating behavior. PCx and DCx are further interconnected with other cortical-like areas, which also receive parallel sensory afferents from the OB or the LGN respectively. For ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... noise in this case is assumed to be random, it can be ‘averaged out’ over time: by monitoring a low signal-to-noise ratio neuron for a long period of time, an observer can increase her confidence that an observed spiking rate or pattern is signal and not noise. Thus, in order to be equally confident ...
... noise in this case is assumed to be random, it can be ‘averaged out’ over time: by monitoring a low signal-to-noise ratio neuron for a long period of time, an observer can increase her confidence that an observed spiking rate or pattern is signal and not noise. Thus, in order to be equally confident ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
... both types of receptor neurons mainly respond to small water-soluble molecules such as amino acids. The dichotomy in sensilla structure is reflected in the organization of the associated CNS pathways. Olfactory receptor neurons selectively innervate a synaptic region in the midbrain, the olfactory l ...
Bayer Exp Br Res 1983
... labeled neurons, one can determine the proportion of neurons originating over blocks of days (or single days) during develop ment. Table 1 shows the data and calculations for the output neurons of accessory olfactory bulb. For many late-originating populations of interneurons in the olfactory bulb, ...
... labeled neurons, one can determine the proportion of neurons originating over blocks of days (or single days) during develop ment. Table 1 shows the data and calculations for the output neurons of accessory olfactory bulb. For many late-originating populations of interneurons in the olfactory bulb, ...
An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Fly Brain
... expressing a given gene project axons to one or two spatially invariant glomeruli in the antennal lobe. The insect brain therefore retains a two-dimensional map of receptor activation such that the quality of an odor may be encoded by different spatial patterns of activity in the antennal lobe. Intr ...
... expressing a given gene project axons to one or two spatially invariant glomeruli in the antennal lobe. The insect brain therefore retains a two-dimensional map of receptor activation such that the quality of an odor may be encoded by different spatial patterns of activity in the antennal lobe. Intr ...