Download Unit 3B Study Guide

Dr. J. Dishowitz
AP Psychology
Unit 3B
Study Guide
Learning Objectives
1. Name and define the three major subdivisions of the brain and describe their functions.
2. Name and define the structures in the hindbrain. Describe their functions.
3. Name and define the structures in the midbrain. Describe their functions.
4. Name and define the structures in the forebrain. Describe their functions.
5. Describe the experimental methods used by scientists in their study of Alzheimer's disease.
6. Define cerebral cortex. Name the four lobes that make up the cortex and state their locations.
7. Name the three functional divisions of the cortex and describe their functions.
8. Name and describe the role of the areas in the association cortex involved in understanding and producing language.
9. Describe split brain studies and explain the function of the corpus callosum.
10. Describe the lateralization of the cerebral hemispheres.
11. Define synaptic plasticity. Explain why it is impossible for the brain to heal damaged neurons. Describe the methods
used to help people recover from brain damage today.
Multiple Choice
1.
Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely to use which kind of brain scan?
A) EEG B) CT C) fMRI D) PET E) MRI
2. A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.
A) electrical stimulation
D) destruction
B) X-ray photography
E) development
C) radioactive bombardment
3. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)
A) MRI. B) brain lesion. C) EEG. D) PET scan. E) hemispherectomy.
4. What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan?
A) MRI scans are able to show internal structures of the brain, fMRI scans can also show external structures.
B) MRI scans use X-rays, fMRI scans use gamma rays.
C) MRI scans measure glucose levels in the brain, fMRI scans measure oxygen levels.
D) MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scans show structure and activity levels.
E) MRI scans measure brain wave activity, fMRI scans use a series of X-ray images to show structural details.
5. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the
A) amygdala. B) hippocampus. C) angular gyrus. D) corpus callosum. E) medulla.
6. The reticular formation is located in the
A) brainstem. B) limbic system. C) sensory cortex. D) motor cortex. E) cerebellum.
7. Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
A) hippocampus B) amygdala C) pons D) thalamus E) medulla.
8. After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have
difficulty
A) experiencing intense emotions.
D) tasting the flavors of foods.
B) reading printed words.
E) playing his guitar.
C) understanding what others are saying.
9. The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
A) cerebellum. B) amygdala. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus. E) medulla.
10. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the
A) thalamus. B) cerebellum. C) reticular formation. D) limbic system. E) angular gyrus.
11. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most
likely to suffer some loss of
A) muscular coordination.
D) speaking ability.
B) language comprehension.
E) pain sensations.
C) visual perception.
12. The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.
A) hearing; speaking
D) tasting; smelling
B) sensing touch; seeing
E) speaking; seeing
C) sensing pleasure; sensing pain
13. In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head.
The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of
the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?
A) temporal lobes B) sensory cortex C) frontal lobes D) parietal lobes E) Broca's area
14. To trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's
A) motor cortex.
D) reticular formation.
B) hypothalamus.
E) limbic system.
C) sensory cortex.
15. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
A) taste. B) sight. C) hearing. D) touch. E) smell.
16. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following?
A) More neurotransmitters are released when the lips are touched.
B) A larger area of the sensory cortex is associated with our lips.
C) The dendrites connected to the lips are especially sensitive.
D) The medulla routes impulses from the lips directly to our brainstem.
E) Our lips are directly connected to the sensory cortex, but our knees are not.
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17. The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is
A) Wernicke's area.
D) Broca's area.
B) the limbic system.
E) an association area.
C) the angular gyrus.
18. When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied,
“Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part.”
Which brain region has most likely been damaged?
A) Broca's area B) angular gyrus C) corpus callosum D) Wernicke's area E) parietal lobes
19. Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following?
A) neurogenesis B) lesion C) aphasia D) angular gyrus E) interneurons
20. Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?
A) sensory cortex
D) Wernicke's area
B) angular gyrus
E) hypothalamus
C) association areas
21. The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain
A) tomography. B) phrenology. C) hemispherectomy. D) aphasia. E) plasticity.
22. The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called
A) neurogenesis.
D) plasticity.
B) lateralization.
E) reticular formation.
C) hemispherectomy.
23. Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.
A) hippocampus
D) sensory cortex
B) limbic system
E) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
24. A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual
field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her
A) right hand to indicate she saw a cat.
B) left hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
C) right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
D) left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat.
E) left or right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
25. In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce
Tamiko's ability to
A) facially express emotions.
D) process information in an orderly sequence.
B) solve arithmetic problems.
E) control his aggression.
C) understand simple verbal requests.
26. Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to
A) speak fluently.
D) recognize familiar melodies.
B) copy drawings.
E) see colors.
C) recognize faces.
27. Deaf people who use sign language typically
A) demonstrate greater mathematical competence than hearing persons.
B) process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
C) recognize facial expressions of emotion with their left rather than their right cerebral hemisphere.
D) have a smaller corpus callosum than hearing persons.
E) process language in the right hemisphere rather than the left.
28. Someone trying to add a long series of three digit numbers is probably experiencing increased brain waves and
bloodflow to which brain structure?
A) left hemisphere B) thalamus C) reticular formation D) right hemisphere E) medulla
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29. Consciousness is
A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember.
B) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
C) effortless encoding of incidental information into memory.
D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
E) brain waves that indicate we are not reacting to a stimulus.
30. When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing (“It's a bird!”) but not of our
subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call
A) dual processing.
D) selective attention.
B) serial processing.
E) cognitive neuroscience.
C) brain plasticity.
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