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Epilepsy intractable vs non intractable
Epilepsy intractable vs non intractable

Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and
Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and

... A large body of behavioral, pharmacological, lesion, and imaging data also suggests that the amygdala plays an important role in memory processes related to emotion [1,72]. Normal subjects generally show superior memory for emotionally arousing stimuli relative to emotionally neutral stimuli (for re ...
Semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer`s disease - HAL
Semantic memory deficits in Alzheimer`s disease - HAL

... studies, such as the category fluency task, are not specific and require cognitive processes other than semantic processing, such as sustained attention, active searching and overt retrieval, in addition to the more basic processes of accessing and using information from semantic memory. And yet, t ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary

... the photographs and, to the extent possible, compare their configurations to those described for 60 human brains (120 hemispheres) by Connolly (1950) and 25 human brains (50 hemispheres) by Ono et al. (1990). Because the research by Ono et al. (1990) was undertaken at the University of Zurich’s Inst ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a

... the photographs and, to the extent possible, compare their configurations to those described for 60 human brains (120 hemispheres) by Connolly (1950) and 25 human brains (50 hemispheres) by Ono et al. (1990). Because the research by Ono et al. (1990) was undertaken at the University of Zurich’s Inst ...
DEMYSTIFYING THE BRAIN V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
DEMYSTIFYING THE BRAIN V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy

... This book is about the neural information processing principles, since the aim of this book is to demystify and deconstruct the brain. The first chapter in the book, as it presents a brief history of ideas about brain, also introduces some of the key ideas and concepts. The second chapter sets out t ...
Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation
Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation

... greater similarity. The extent to which the differences in brain activation between natural and artifactual stimuli may reflect these “difficulty” differences is still a matter of debate. Some evidence supporting the significance of category-related brain activations for semantic memory structure ha ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of memory: the HERA
Hemispheric asymmetries of memory: the HERA

... The demonstration that encoding verbal material tends to be leftlateralized whereas encoding of non-verbal material tends to be rightlateralized has led some researchers to conclude that a neuropsychologically based material-specific asymmetry model should be preferred over HERA [8,9,11 –14]. A stud ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a

... We report on a novel mouse in vitro brain slice preparation that contains intact callosal axons connecting anterior cingulate cortices (ACC). Callosal connections are demonstrated by the ability to regularly record epileptiform events between hemispheres (bilateral events). That the correlation of t ...
Sample
Sample

... 70) The Atkinson & Shiffrin model provides a useful summary of overall cognitive function. What does a process model add to the description (i.e., what do we gain by using a process model)? Answer: Students should cover how the process model is a small scale model that delineates specific mental ste ...
Idiom comprehension deficits in relation to corpus
Idiom comprehension deficits in relation to corpus

... body, which is followed by the splenium, and the rostrum is formed last, between 18 and 20 weeks of gestational age (Barkovich & Norman, 1988). Corpus callosum agenesis occurs because of abnormal neuronal migration to any or all of the regions of the corpus callosum (Barkovich, 1994). Agenesis of th ...
Interactive Presentation Slides Faculty Guide
Interactive Presentation Slides Faculty Guide

... topics. Each lecture provides opportunities for discussion and interaction and enlivens the psychology classroom with an unprecedented number of embedded video clips and animations from Worth’s Video Tool Kit for Introductory Psychology, Digital Media Archives, and Scientific American Frontiers Teac ...
the Accompanying Presentation Hand outs
the Accompanying Presentation Hand outs

... metabolic activity as seen by greatly increased radioactive glucose and oxygen use in the amygdala region on PET and fMRI scans). In students, these neuroimaging findings are seen when they feel helpless and anxious. When the amygdala is in this state of stress, fear, or anxiety-induced overactivati ...
Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

... Page: 43 Answer: d 43. What is the name of the numbering system used to identify different locations in the cortex? a. Brodmann’s areas b. The American Cortical Numeration (ACN) c. Freud’s index d. Catalog of Cortical Areas Page: 43 Answer: a 44. The receptive and control centers for one side of the ...
How the Human Brain Developed and How the Human Mind Works
How the Human Brain Developed and How the Human Mind Works

... But the two hemispheres are interconnected and communicate, the human mind brings together these abilities and skills into a comprehensive whole whose operation depends on the way in which its parts contribute and co-operate with each other. The right hemisphere links to the primitive older part of ...
Neuropsychological evidence for a topographical learning
Neuropsychological evidence for a topographical learning

... brain regions while subjects viewed a wide variety of visual stimuli (Epstein & Kanwisher, 1998). We found that a region abutting the collateral sulcus near the parahippocampal-lingual boundary responded significantly more strongly when subjects viewed navigationally relevant stimuli such as street ...
Resting-State Brain Functional Connectivity Is Altered in
Resting-State Brain Functional Connectivity Is Altered in

... glycation end products, or inflammation (25). One limitation of our study is that we do not know whether participants carry the apoE-´4 allele. Future studies in this line of research should include this information. However, it is unclear whether apoE-´4 has any additional effect on DMN metabolism, ...
Nervous System II- The Brain, Cranial Nerves & Autonomic
Nervous System II- The Brain, Cranial Nerves & Autonomic

... – is the largest, most superior and anterior part of the brain – is divided into left and right “cerebral hemispheres” by the longitudinal fissure – each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body ...
Do Changes in Brain Organization Reflect Shifts in Symbolic
Do Changes in Brain Organization Reflect Shifts in Symbolic

... This chapter focuses on a particular type of symbol, the infant’s first words. During the first 2 years of life, infants undergo marked changes in their ability to understand and produce words. Yet little is known about the brain systems associated with the attainment of these language milestones. T ...
2. Acquired dyslexias
2. Acquired dyslexias

... Writing may be impossible because of the hemiparesis. *Aphasia = loss of language production *hemiparesis= partial paralysis to one side of the body ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A

... damage and inhibits visual recognition in the contralesional space since the two hemispheres normally exert an inhibitory influence on each other via callosal connections. Indeed, functional brain imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies with neglect patients have supported the pu ...
Download PDF
Download PDF

... will discuss further below, which make it unlikely that many NDEs could occur as consciousness is being lost. The alternative conclusion would therefore have to be that NDEs occur with the return of the cerebral processing involved in ordinary conscious experience. How ever, the difficulty here is t ...
Mutual Interests, Different Lenses: Current
Mutual Interests, Different Lenses: Current

... one side. In this case, we must see the environment as a peculiarly human one emerging from the “read into” processes of the brain and the “read out from” aspect of experience that happens independent of our will, for example, being knocked off our feet by what we interpret as lightning. However the ...
You can play 20 questions with nature and win
You can play 20 questions with nature and win

... process, all in one swoop. Rather, most tasks are treated as if they are combinations of simpler sub-tasks, each of which is grappled with by a separate aspect of the overall processing system. In the case of visual perception, the brain has clearly divided processing of object properties, such as s ...
Metaphor comprehension and the brain. In RW Gibbs (Ed.)
Metaphor comprehension and the brain. In RW Gibbs (Ed.)

... ability to walk, to move his arm, and to understand what was said to him. Though he did his best to produce nouns and verbs together in an order that others might make sense of, fluent speech remained a challenge for him the rest of his life (Raskin, 1992). Raskin suffered from Broca’s aphasia, a la ...
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Split-brain

Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. It is an association of symptoms produced by disruption of or interference with the connection between the hemispheres of the brain. The surgical operation to produce this condition results from transection of the corpus callosum, and is usually a last resort to treat refractory epilepsy. Initially, partial callosotomies are performed; if this operation does not succeed, a complete callosotomy is performed to mitigate the risk of accidental physical injury by reducing the severity and violence of epileptic seizures. Before using callosotomies, epilepsy is instead treated through pharmaceutical means. After surgery, neuropsychological assessments are often performed.After the right and left brain are separated, each hemisphere will have its own separate perception, concepts, and impulses to act. Having two ""brains"" in one body can create some interesting dilemmas. When one split-brain patient dressed himself, he sometimes pulled his pants up with one hand (that side of his brain wanted to get dressed) and down with the other (this side didn't). Also, once he grabbed his wife with his left hand and shook her violently. So his right hand came to her aid and grabbed the aggressive left hand. However, such conflicts are actually rare. If a conflict arises, one hemisphere usually overrides the other.When split-brain patients are shown an image only in their left visual field (the left half of what both eyes take in (see optic tract)), they cannot vocally name what they have seen. This can be explained in three steps: (1) The image seen in the left visual field is sent only to the right side of the brain; (2) For most people, the speech-control center is on the left side of the brain; and (3) Communication between the two sides of the brain is inhibited. Thus, the patient cannot say out loud the name of that which the right side of the brain is seeing. In the case that the speech-control center is on the right side of the brain, the image must now be presented to only the right visual field to achieve the same effect.If a split-brain patient is touching a mysterious object with only the left hand, while also receiving no visual cues in the right visual field, the patient cannot say out loud the name of that which the right side of the brain is touching. This can be explained in three steps: (1) Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary somatosensory cortex only contains a tactile representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body; (2) For most humans, the speech-control center is on the left side of the brain; and (3) Communication between the two sides of the brain is inhibited. In the case that the speech-control center is on the right side of the brain, the object must now be touched only with the right hand to achieve the same effect.The same effect occurs for visual pairs and reasoning. For example, a patient with split brain is shown a picture of a chicken and a snowy field in separate visual fields and asked to choose from a list of words the best association with the pictures. The patient would choose a chicken foot to associate with the chicken and a shovel to associate with the snow; however, when asked to reason why the patient chose the shovel, the response would relate to the chicken (e.g. ""the shovel is for cleaning out the chicken coop"").""Scientists have often wondered whether split-brain patients, who have had the two hemispheres of their brain surgically disconnected, are 'of two minds'"" (Zilmer, 2001).
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