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Part 3 Neurons and Action Potentials What is the job of a neuron? How do neurons do their jobs? Neurons are cells that transmit signals to/from the CNS Parts of the neuron Dendrite - receives information or stimuli Cell Body - responds to information received by dendrites Produces the action potential- an electrical output signal of a neuron Axon - transmits signal to end of the neuron Ex: pain, pressure Nerves are bundles of axons May be surrounded by myelin for rapid relay of signals Synapse (synaptic terminal) - transmits signals to other neurons, found at the terminus of the axon A neurotransmitter is released in response to the action potential Action Potentials: How neurons transmit signals A. B. C. D. Dendrites pick up chemical signals The cell body converts the chemical to an electrical signal The axon carries the electrical signal to the terminal buttons The terminal buttons release a chemical (neurotransmitter) to dendrites on the next neuron Chemical Electrical Chemical Action Potentials: How neurons transmit signals A neuron is a CELL Has a semi-permeable cell membrane Neurons are like a French Fry: High K+ on the inside, high Na+ on the outside Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Action Potentials: How neurons transmit signals The cell membrane contains ion channels Allow only certain ions to pass through Sodium channels allow Na+ to enter neuron Potassium channels allow K+ to exit neuron Na+/K+ pumps restore the neuron back to normal by pumping Na+ back out of and K+ back into the neuron Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ 1. Dendrite receives neurotransmitter signal Neurotransmitter (NT): A chemical messenger that is released from neurons. * If the neuron does not get enough NT, it will not produce an Action Potential dendrites 2. Cell body relays signal to axon axon cell body 3. Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes inside Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ axon K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ 4. K+ channels open and K+ rushes out Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ axon K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ 5. Other Na+ channels open, like a chain reaction Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ 6. Action potential reaches synaptic terminals 7. NT is released and goes to dendrite of next neuron axon Dendrite of next neuron NT receptor on dendrite Neurotransmitter molecules 8. Na+/K+ pumps move ions back to their starting points K+ Na+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ 8. Na+/K+ pumps move ions back to their starting points K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ 8. Na+/K+ pumps move ions back to their starting points Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ axon K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ Steps of the Action Potential 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dendrite receives neurotransmitter signal Cell body relays signal to axon Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes inside K+ channels open to let K+ out Causes other Na+ channels to open, like a chain reaction 6. Action potential reaches synaptic terminals 7. Neurotransmitter is released and goes to dendrite of next neuron 8. Na+/K+ pumps move ions back to their starting points ***requires ATP*** REVIEW!!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is homeostasis? What is the nervous system? What is the cell type that transmits signals in the nervous system? What is the role of a dendrite? Which part of the neuron relays the electrical signal? REVIEW!!! 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In what order are signals relayed from one neuron to the next? What feature of the NS allows your body to rapidly respond to the environment? What 3 neurons are involved in the process from #7 above? What is an action potential? What is the name of the chemical that is released from synaptic terminals of neurons? Action Potentials: How neurons transmit signals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwN9aCobCy8 Write a narration to go with this YouTube clip Be prepared to share your narration with the class