* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Blue Brain PPT
Human multitasking wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of human intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Brain–computer interface wikipedia , lookup
Functional magnetic resonance imaging wikipedia , lookup
Neuroesthetics wikipedia , lookup
Neurogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease wikipedia , lookup
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Donald O. Hebb wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Neural correlates of consciousness wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Mind uploading wikipedia , lookup
Artificial general intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Prepared by: Akash Agarwal www.edutechlearners.com 1 • Means a machine that can function as human brain. • The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to reverse engineer the human brain and recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation. • The project was founded in May 2005 by Henry Markram at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland. www.edutechlearners.com 2 • It acts as a supercomputer. • Improvements in processing, speed and memory could make entire human brain simulated. • Things could be remembered without any effort. • Use the intelligence of the person after death. • It can make decisions entirely of its own. • Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation. • Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure Parkinson’s disease. www.edutechlearners.com 3 • INPUTIn the nervous system in our body the neurons are responsible for the message passing but in Simulated Brain The scientist has created artificial neurons by replacing them with the silicon chip. • INTERPRETATIONThe electric impulses received by the brain from neurons are interpreted in the Brain by means of neurons while in Simulate Brain the interpretation of the electric impulses received by the artificial neuron can be done by means of registers (represent different states of brain). www.edutechlearners.com 4 • The uploading is possible by the use of small robot called Nanobot. • These robots are small enough to travel through out our circulatory system. • Travelling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system. • They will be able to provide an interface with computer that is as close as our mind can be while we still residein our biological form. www.edutechlearners.com 5 Nanobot www.edutechlearners.com 6 • A Super Computer (Blue Gene) built by IBM capable of processing 228 TFLOPS. • Memory with large storing Capacity (256 to 512 MB per processor). • 100kw power consumption. • Very powerful Nanobots to interface between natural brain and Computer. • Linux and C++ software. www.edutechlearners.com 7 www.edutechlearners.com 8 www.edutechlearners.com 9 1) data acquisition 2) Simulation 3) visualization of results. www.edutechlearners.com 10 • Data acquisition involves taking brain slices, placing them under a microscope, and measuring the shape and electrical activity of individual neurons. • The neurons are typed by morphology (i.e. their shape), electrophysiological behaviour, location within the cortex, and their population density. • The electrophysiological behaviour of neurons is studied using a 12 patch clamp instrument. • These observations are translated into mathematical algorithms which describe the form, function, and positioning of neurons. The algorithms are then used to generate biologically-realistic virtual neurons ready for simulation. www.edutechlearners.com 11 The 12 patch-clamp close view www.edutechlearners.com 12 • The primary software used by the BBP for neural simulations is a package called NEURON. • It is written in C, C++, and FORTRAN. • The simulation step involves synthesizing virtual cells using the algorithms that were found to describe real neurons. • Every single protein is simulated, and there are about a billion of these in one cell. First a network skeleton is built from all the different kinds of synthesized neurons. • Then the cells are connected together according to the rules that have been found experimentally. www.edutechlearners.com 13 • Finally the neurons are functionalized and the simulation brought to life. The patterns of emergent behaviour are viewed with visualisation software. www.edutechlearners.com 14 • RTNeuron is the primary application used by the BBP for visualisation of neural simulations. The software was developed internally by the BBP team. • It is written in C++ and OpenGL. • RTNeuron takes the output from Hodgkin-Huxley simulations in NEURON and renders them in 3D. www.edutechlearners.com 15 • We become dependent upon the computers. • Another fear is found with respect to human cloning. • A very costly procedure of regaining the memory back. www.edutechlearners.com 16 www.edutechlearners.com 17