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Design a Neuron
Motor neurons – Found in the peripheral nervous system. Functions to
control muscles and glands. Carries the message away from the
CNS.
Sensory neurons – Found in the peripheral nervous system. Sends
messages from the inside and outside world to my CNS. Opposite of motor
neuron. The structure of the neuron varies depending on the sense, taste,
touch, hearing, smell, and sight.
Association neurons – Found in the central nervous system. Relays the
signal from the sensory neuron back to the motor neurons.
Axon – transmits the signal (information) to the axon terminals. Carries
the message away from the cell body.
Dendrite – receives the information from sense organs or other
neurons and sends the message towards the cell body.
Axon terminals – release the electrical impulse as a chemical called a
neurotransmitter into the synapse to the next neuron or organ.
Neurotransmitter – chemical messages released from axon terminals into the
synapse. Chemically connects two separate neurons.
Synapse – space between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another.
Myelin sheath – facilitates rapid conduction of electrical impulses. Composed of
separate cells wrapped around the axon.
Nodes of Ranvier – spaces between the myelin cells that help with quick signal
transmission.
Cell membrane – serves as a barrier around the entire cell. It excludes certain
substances from the cell. This is what actually transmits the message. “Skin”
of the cell.
Nucleus – contains genetic information in the form of DNA.
Cell body – Contains all organelles including the nucleus. Attached to both
dendrites and axon.