Download Exam - UBC Psychology`s Research Labs

Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour
Lecture 31
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Exam: December 7th, 2011
3:30-6:00 PM, CIRS 1250
• The exam is worth 25% of your final grade.
• The exam will be scored out of 60 points.
• The exam will include 30 multiple choice questions (1
point each), 4 definitions (2 points each), and 5-6 short
answer questions (2-6 points each, totaling 22 points).
• The exam is not cumulative. It will cover the contents of
Chapters 7-10 and all accompanying lecture material.
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• Please arrive on time to facilitate rapid distribution of
the exams.
• Bring a pencil, eraser, pen, and your student ID to the
exam.
• All electronic devices must be put away before the start
of the exam.
• Bags and backpacks should be left at the front of the
room. Please do not bring valuables to the exam.
• Hats (e.g., baseball caps) should not be worn during the
exam.
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Reminder
I will hold additional office hours in preparation for the
December exam:
Monday, December 5: 2:30 - 4:30
Tuesday, December 6: 1:30-3:30
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3. I will hold additional office hours in preparation
for
the final exam:
Tuesday, December 6: 10:30 - 12:30
Wednesday, December 7: 12:30-2:30
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The Visual System
1. What is the structure of the eye and where are the
receptors for light? (continued)
2. How is information about light relayed to the brain?
3. What are the major areas of the brain that are
associated with the perception of light?
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By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. explain how an action potential is generated in the
retinal cells of the visual system.
2. review the pathway by which visual information is
transmitted from receptors to the brain.
3. identify the locations and functions of the primary
cortex, secondary cortex, and association areas for
the visual system.
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What is the structure of the eye and where are the
receptors for light? (continued)
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Generation of an Action Potential in the Retina
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How is information about light relayed to the brain?
• Visual information is relayed to the brain via many
pathways. The largest and most studied visual
pathway is the retina-geniculate-striate pathway.
• Within this pathway is the optic chiasm: at this point,
axons from the nasal halves of the retinas “cross over”
and ascend to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
(LGN) of the thalamus. Thus, each hemisphere
receives information from the contralateral visual field.
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Retina-Geniculate-Striate Pathway
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Retina-Geniculate-Striate Pathway
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• The LGN contains six layers of neurons. The inner two
layers are called magnocellular layers, and the outer four
layers are called parvocellular layers.
• The magnocellular neurons are most responsive to
movement and receive the bulk of their input from rods.
• The parvocellular neurons are most responsive to color,
fine pattern details, and stationary objects and receive
the bulk of their input from cones.
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Magnocellular
Layers of the LGN
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What are the major areas of the brain that are associated
with the perception of light?
• The thalamic neurons that receive visual information
subsequently project the information to the primary
visual cortex (V1).
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Primary Visual Cortex
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Primary Visual Cortex
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• The retina-geniculate-striate pathway is characterized by
retinotopic organization.
• The primary visual cortex is organized into functional
vertical columns (i.e., ocular dominance slabs,
orientation columns).
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Ocular Dominance Slabs and Orientation Columns
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• Information received by the primary visual cortex is
segregated into distinct pathways that project to areas of
the secondary visual cortex and, then, the association
visual cortex.
• Two main pathways from the primary visual cortex
have been identified: The ventral stream is associated
with identification (“what”); the dorsal stream is
associated with location and movement (“where”).
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The Dorsal and Ventral Streams
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VI: Location,
orientation, colour
V2: Form, relays
information
V3: Form
V4: Colour, form,
concentric, radial
stimuli
Inferior temporal
area: Form, pattern
recognition
V5, Medial temporal
area: Motion
perception
Prefrontal cortex:
Facial recognition
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The Visual System
1. What is the structure of the eye and where are the
receptors for light? (continued)
2. How is information about light relayed to the brain?
3. What are the major areas of the brain that are
associated with the perception of light?
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Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour, Term 1
Research Methods
Neuroanatomy
Neurophysiology
Neurotransmitters
Neuropharmacology
Hormones
Nervous system development
Touch
Hearing
Vestibular perception
Taste
Smell
Vision
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