Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
Local Field Potentials Related to Bimanual Movements in the
... potentials in motor cortex has focused on the relationship of synchronous oscillations to movement and to single unit activity (Sanes and Donoghue, 1993;Eckhorn and Obermueller, 1993;Murthy and Fetz, 1996a;Baker et al., 1999), but the character of the evoked potential in this area and its relationsh ...
... potentials in motor cortex has focused on the relationship of synchronous oscillations to movement and to single unit activity (Sanes and Donoghue, 1993;Eckhorn and Obermueller, 1993;Murthy and Fetz, 1996a;Baker et al., 1999), but the character of the evoked potential in this area and its relationsh ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... remaining afferents to the deafferented brain area is a way to compensate for the loss of excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons ...
... remaining afferents to the deafferented brain area is a way to compensate for the loss of excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... controlled by more than two dozen neck muscles (Corneil et al. 2001; Richmond et al. 2001). Unlike the intuitive neuromuscular patterns underlying eye movements, it is impossible to use head kinematics to infer the spatiotemporal EMG patterns that result from the command to move the head because of ...
... controlled by more than two dozen neck muscles (Corneil et al. 2001; Richmond et al. 2001). Unlike the intuitive neuromuscular patterns underlying eye movements, it is impossible to use head kinematics to infer the spatiotemporal EMG patterns that result from the command to move the head because of ...
Muscimol-Induced Inactivation of Monkey Frontal Eye Field: Effects
... an initial neglect of the contralateral hemifield, a subtle increase in latencies of saccades, and a deviation of fixation, all of which recovered within a few weeks (Keating and Gooley 1988; Latto and Cowey 1971; Lynch 1992; Schiller et al. 1980, 1987), though larger and more permanent effects have ...
... an initial neglect of the contralateral hemifield, a subtle increase in latencies of saccades, and a deviation of fixation, all of which recovered within a few weeks (Keating and Gooley 1988; Latto and Cowey 1971; Lynch 1992; Schiller et al. 1980, 1987), though larger and more permanent effects have ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews see Andersen et al. 1997; Colby and Goldberg 1999; Moschovakis and Highstein 1994; Schall 1997; Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). W ...
... visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews see Andersen et al. 1997; Colby and Goldberg 1999; Moschovakis and Highstein 1994; Schall 1997; Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). W ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... correlators made using microcircuit technology. These are the areas labeled the perigeniculate nucleus, PGN, and the striate cortex. Correlators of this type are usually used to determine the presence of specific patterns of signals and then pass that information to subsequent circuits. The detailed ...
... correlators made using microcircuit technology. These are the areas labeled the perigeniculate nucleus, PGN, and the striate cortex. Correlators of this type are usually used to determine the presence of specific patterns of signals and then pass that information to subsequent circuits. The detailed ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as much as the other way around. Animals are continuously relying on sensory feedback to adjust motor commands. On the other hand, behavior is not only induced by the sens ...
... between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as much as the other way around. Animals are continuously relying on sensory feedback to adjust motor commands. On the other hand, behavior is not only induced by the sens ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-beveled, 30 gauge needle (product 328438; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lake ...
... Eugene, OR) was injected into the vitreal chamber of one eye, and CT conjugated to Alexa 594 dye (CT-594) (red; 0.5% dissolved in sterile saline) was injected into the vitreal chamber of the other eye, using a sterile, short-beveled, 30 gauge needle (product 328438; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lake ...
Neuro-Opthalmology (Developments in Ophthalmology, Vol. 40)
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate
... LGN. Furthermore, some recent studies in the mouse report that many LGN cells exhibit pronounced orientation biases that are of comparable strength to the subthreshold inputs to V1 neurons. These results raise the possibility that, in rodents, orientation biases of individual LGN cells make a substa ...
... LGN. Furthermore, some recent studies in the mouse report that many LGN cells exhibit pronounced orientation biases that are of comparable strength to the subthreshold inputs to V1 neurons. These results raise the possibility that, in rodents, orientation biases of individual LGN cells make a substa ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... The prefrontal cortex and the amygdala have synergistic roles in regulating purposive behavior, effected through bidirectional pathways. Here we investigated the largely unknown extent and laminar relationship of prefrontal input–output zones linked with the amygdala using neural tracers injected in ...
... The prefrontal cortex and the amygdala have synergistic roles in regulating purposive behavior, effected through bidirectional pathways. Here we investigated the largely unknown extent and laminar relationship of prefrontal input–output zones linked with the amygdala using neural tracers injected in ...
Role of Frontal Eye Fields in Countermanding Saccades: Visual
... 1980, 1987) probably through adaptive plasticity mechanisms. It is critical to note, though, that the interpretation of these lesion data is based on the function that recovers during several days or weeks. Most lesion studies report an initial gaze impairment immediately after the lesion, and more ...
... 1980, 1987) probably through adaptive plasticity mechanisms. It is critical to note, though, that the interpretation of these lesion data is based on the function that recovers during several days or weeks. Most lesion studies report an initial gaze impairment immediately after the lesion, and more ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... 136 T.G. Weyand: The multifunctional LGN axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with recep ...
... 136 T.G. Weyand: The multifunctional LGN axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with recep ...
superior Medullary Velum
... cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Early immunohistochemical studies about oligodendroglia showed that the glial precursors migrated to their final position in the cerebellum via the superior medullar ...
... cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Early immunohistochemical studies about oligodendroglia showed that the glial precursors migrated to their final position in the cerebellum via the superior medullar ...
Basis Functions for Object
... involve neurons with invariant response properties in object-centered coordinates. We consider an alternative scheme using basis functions in which the cells have retinotopic receptive fields modulated by the orientation of the object and task-related signals. We show that this alternative is consis ...
... involve neurons with invariant response properties in object-centered coordinates. We consider an alternative scheme using basis functions in which the cells have retinotopic receptive fields modulated by the orientation of the object and task-related signals. We show that this alternative is consis ...
Functions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT).
... Subcortical pathways may also play a role in production of pursuit, since pursuit did not disappear in monkeys in whom the visual cortex was ablated (Zee et al. 1987). The nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) is a likely candidate for participation in either the initiation or the maintenance of horizont ...
... Subcortical pathways may also play a role in production of pursuit, since pursuit did not disappear in monkeys in whom the visual cortex was ablated (Zee et al. 1987). The nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) is a likely candidate for participation in either the initiation or the maintenance of horizont ...
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... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
Contents
... review of its connections. In addition, a selection of recent references is included to assist the reader in searching the literature for more details. The order of the chapters in the last part of the book is based on the following global concept of the brainstem. The brainstem and its nuclei have ...
... review of its connections. In addition, a selection of recent references is included to assist the reader in searching the literature for more details. The order of the chapters in the last part of the book is based on the following global concept of the brainstem. The brainstem and its nuclei have ...
Orbital position dependency is different for the gain of externally and
... triggered or re¯exive) saccades and internally triggered saccades [6]. Re¯exive saccades probably depend mostly on pathways from the posterior parietal cortex to the superior colliculus via the posterior part of the internal capsule. Internally triggered saccades probably depend more on direct pathw ...
... triggered or re¯exive) saccades and internally triggered saccades [6]. Re¯exive saccades probably depend mostly on pathways from the posterior parietal cortex to the superior colliculus via the posterior part of the internal capsule. Internally triggered saccades probably depend more on direct pathw ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.