Download Nerve cells - Dr Magrann

Nerve Cell Flashcards
1. What does the word “innervates” mean?
2. 3 parts of the Nervous System
3. What are the two parts of the CNS?
4. What does the Autonomic Nervous System
control and what are its 2 divisions?
5. What kinds of neurons enter the CNS?
6. What kind of neurons leave the CNS?
7. What three things do all neurons do?
a. What three characteristics do all
neurons share?
Refers to a nerve supplying a muscle or organ. For
example, “The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm
muscle”.
1. Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal
cord.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves of the
body
3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): has parts of
the CNS and PNS.
Brain and Spinal cord
Controls autonomic (automatic) functions (blood
pressure, digestion, etc).
a. Sympathetic division
b. Parasympathetic division
Sensory (afferent) signals picked up by sensor
receptors. They are carried by nerve fibers of PNS to the
CNS
Motor (efferent) signals are carried away from the CNS.
They innervate muscles and glands
1. Receive a signal. Can be any type of stimulus
(change in environment, signal from another neuron,
etc).
2. Transmit a signal to another location. E.g. finger
touching something  signal to spinal cord or brain.
3. Stimulate another cell
a. Another neuron  transmit signal
b. Muscle  contraction
c. Gland  secretion
1. Longevity – can live and function for a lifetime
2. Do not divide – fetal neurons lose their ability to
undergo mitosis (the y lose their centrioles);
neural stem cells are an exception
3. High metabolic rate – require abundant oxygen
and glucose
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Nerve Cell Flashcards
8. Picture of Sensory vs Motor Neurons
axon
9. Photo of NEURON anatomy
10. What receives the signal and carries the
nerve conduction toward the cell body?
11. Where are the nucleus, ribosomes, and
most organelles located?
12. What has the function of transmitting
signals from the cell body to the area with
neurotransmitters?
13. What part of a neuron stimulates another
cell?
DENDRITES
The CELL BODY
AXON
SYNAPTIC KNOBS
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Nerve Cell Flashcards
14. Describe the correct path an impulse takes
across a synapse.
Axon of presynaptic neuron  SYNAPTIC CLEFT 
dendrite of post synaptic neuron
15. What are synaptic knobs filled with?
The synaptic knob has vesicles filled with a
neurotransmitter that carries the signal.
16. What are the supporting cells of the
nervous system?
17. Where do most tumors originate from?
GLIA
18. What are 4 types of glia cells?
Oligodendrocyte
Schwann Cell
Astrocyte
Microglia
OLIGODENDROCYTES
Most tumors of the brain originate from glial cells.
19. Which cells provide the myelin sheath for
neurons in the CNS?
20. Which cells provide the myelin sheath for
SCHWANN CELLS
neurons in the PNS?
21. What is the function of MYELIN
to speed up the rate of nerve impulse conduction.
SHEATHS
22. What are the BARE regions of axonal
NODES OF RANVIER
membranes found only in myelinated axons
called?
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Nerve Cell Flashcards
23. What conducts impulses faster – myelinated Myelinated
or unmyelinated axon?
24. Where are unmyelinated axons found?
Anywhere except Schwann cells and
Oligodendrocytes. They are in the PNS and CNS.
25. Are unmyelinated axons thinner or thicker
Unmyelinated axons are thinner.
than myelinated?
26. What is myelin made of?
Mostly lipid
27. What is an autoimmune disease where the
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
oligodendrocytes (the myelin sheaths) are
destroyed, interfering with the neuron
functions in the CNS and brain?
28. What is the most common neurological
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
disease of young adults?
29. What are the 3 functions of an
a. Physically supports the neurons
ASTROCYTE?
b. Transmits materials from capillaries to neurons
c. Forms blood-brain barrier (BBB), which keeps out
harmful substances and many medicines
30. What is the only function of the blood-brain The only function of the blood-brain barrier is to help
barrier BBB?
protect the central nervous system.
31. Define MICROGLIA and their function
They are macrophages
They pick up bacteria and debris
32. What is the portion of the CNS that is
GREY MATTER
unmyelinated (cell bodies of neurons, glia,
and dendrites)?
33. What is the portion of the CNS with myelin WHITE MATTER
(axons)
34. What is a collection of axons in the PNS?
NERVE; No cell bodies, dendrites, or synapses; just
axons.
35. What is a collection of axons in the CNS
TRACT
36. What is a collection of cell bodies in the
Ganglion
PNS?
37. What are the neurons that leave the CNS to MOTOR NEURONS
effect a muscle or gland?
38. What neurons go from body to CNS,
SENSORY NEURON
carrying sensory information?
39. What is a small neuron found only in the
INTERNEURON
CNS?
40. What are the three structural classifications
1. Unipolar
of neurons?
2. Bipolar
3. Multipolar
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